Communication Barrier Essay

Presentation Effective correspondence is a significant aspect and abilities are fundamental in all circles oflife. Correspondence is powerful when the upgrade as started and proposed by the sender, or source, relates near the improvement as it is seen and reacted to by the receiver† (Tubbs and Moss, 2006), state . In nursing, each day we need to vis-à-vis with persistent, we speak with various individuals and various patients, so we should attempt to give compelling correspondence and furthermore an imperative to guide them from the use of words, speed conveyance of words, pitch balance and non-verbal communication. Powerful correspondence is a basic segment for association achievement, regardless of whether it is the relational intra bunch association or outer levels. Powerful correspondence wills a builds patients and wellbeing results of power (Barlett, Grayson et al. , 1984), Reduces the danger of grievance and prosecution of power (Beckmam, 1994). Correspondence hindrance is when individual sends and gets messages that are mutilated by commotion , ccur inside context,have some effect,and providesome open door for input. (Joseph Devito (2009). Correspondence is a conversional procedure of sending message. Correspondence is significant in our life,personal relationship and anyplace. Recognizing the hindrance to correspondence is the initial step to improving powerful correspondence. in the event that it can't impart his profound are sure snags, attempt to utilize forms of non-verbal communication dialects to pass on a powerful correspondence. Talk about in the suitable spot. There are numerous approaches to makesure vital correspondence. Correspondence hindrance is the thing that makes correspondence complexs,difficult,frustrated are the obstructions we put in the manner. At the point when we talk, we will in general erect boundaries that upset our capacity to impart. There are five of these kinds of obstructions to compelling correspondence. Physical boundaries are anything but difficult to spot †entryways that are shut, dividers that are raised, and separation between individuals all neutralize the objective of viable correspondence. Physical correspondence happens, for example, in office, ward, medical clinic, cafeteria and an open spot. Second correspondence obstruction is passionate boundary can be hard to survive. By putting stock in yourself and what you need to state, you will have the option to convey unmistakably without getting excessively associated with your feelings. In the third obstructions are social, various societies, regardless of whether they be a cultural culture of a race and religions which can ruin created correspondence if various societies conflict. In these are normal cases, in work circumstances, recognizing an issue and concocting an exceptionally proficient approach to tackle it can rapidly topple any social or institutional obstructions. Another hindrances are Interpersonal obstructions, which what at last shield us from connecting with one another, and opening ourselves up, to be heard, yet additionally to hear others, this can be the most troublesome zone to change. They can't shape authentic associations with individuals since they have an excessive number of bogus discernments obstructing the way. Fortunately, the solution for this is more correspondence. By drawing in with others, we realize what our real qualities and shortcomings are. This permits us to advance our thoughts in a reasonable, direct way. Also, the last hindrances are sexual orientation have gotten less of an issue as of late, however there is as yet the opportunities for a man to confuse the expressions of a lady. Distinctive sexual orientation had would in general structure considerations diversely and this must be taken into boundary of the two sexes when conveying. (Christopher Smith II, 2010). Method of Overcoming these obstruction When you send a messages,you expect to impart meaning,but the message itself doesn’t contain meaning. The importance exists in your psyche and in the brain of your collector. To comprehend one another,you and your collector must have comparable implications for words,gestures, manner of speaking and different images.

Machiavelli’s The Prince Essay

In Machiavelli’s The Prince, he dove into how a ruler could defense his position once he arrives at the top. One of the numerous methods of how to make sure about a prince’s position is success by criminal uprightness. In triumph by criminal goodness, Michiavelli said that a sovereign makes sure about his position when he arrives at the top since it requires some investment and a ton of difficult work to thrive. So to ensure nobody removes their position, the ruler pulverizes his adversaries and procures respect from the individuals however much as could be expected. The ruler likewise makes less trade offs with their partners, attempting to remain solitary since he accepts he is more adequate and more grounded than the others. A sovereign should likewise realize how to change orders. This may cause ruin since individuals who profited the old request may restrict the ruler however he should have the ability to compel the individuals to keep supporting him despite the fact that they are now reconsidering. So for what reason does this persevere despite the fact that each government official and each resident who thinks normally realizes this is shameless. We people are normally determined by our long for influence, acclaim and fortune. We put aside virtues and moral qualities just to extinguish our personal circumstances. Lawmakers follow up on it since they realize this is the most straightforward approach to wipe out a danger. This is a lasting thing so when an adversary stops to exist, he’s for all time gone from the opposition and this gives the other legislator a significant serenity since he realizes that he will win without a doubt in the event that he has no rival. Residents don't follow up on this since first, residents that have a place with the lower class are apprehensive. How might they conflict with somebody so incredible that this individual could take their existence with only a snap of their fingers? The range and degree of influence of this sort of legislator is unclear that it may reach out to having the high ground and authority over lawbreakers and we never comprehend what he will do just to safeguard his influence, distinction and fortune. Second, most residents who think about an inappropriate doings of this legislator is paid and given a great deal of encouragements for their help and quiet. As I stated, we people are normally determined by our yearning by fortune. For individuals who don't work and have confidence in picking up cash from a genuine activity, this is the most helpful method of gaining cash since they don’t need to do anything other than tay quiet, get a couple of things done for the government official and compose the politician’s name on their polling form each time he runs for a seat. There is additionally the way that when neighborhood residents bolster this government official, they are more made sure about and very much ensured. Individuals who attempt to conflict with these neighborhood residents would as of now feel undermine heretofore on the grounds that the lawmaker will back them up in part of their arrangement for the mystery of the politician’s grimy work. This is one of the most unethical acts acted in governmental issues, however one that by one way or another we can never dispose of.

Mark Twain4 Essay Example For Students

Imprint Twain4 Essay Imprint Twain had an extraordinary love for the Mississippi River. His fantasies were ofbecoming a steamer pilot. Twain propelled others as they looked to him with greatknowledge. He needed to get back home in greatness as a pilot more than anything. Occasions inMark Twains life turn out in his compositions and they are shown in Life on theMark Twain was the main American that showed up west of the Mississippi River. He was conceived Samuel Langhorne Clemens on November 30, 1835. Twain lived along theMississippi River in the town of Hannibal until the age of eighteen. After his fathersdeath in 1847, Twain turned into a disciple at two Hannibal printers. The majority of Twainschildhood is shown all through his work. He reviewed his past in The Adventures ofTom Sawyer and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (De Veto 51). Twains careerbegan when he was just eleven years of age. He worked by altering duplicates. In 1861Clemens served quickly as a volunteer warrior in the Confederate mount ed force. Later that yearhe went with his sibling to the recently made Nevada Territory, where he attempted hishand at silver mining. In the wake of moving to San Francisco, California, in 1864, Twain metAmerican essayists Artemus Ward and Bret Harte, who empowered him in his work. Laterhe got a new line of work as a columnist at Territorial Interprise (52). Imprint Twain had a real existence loaded with composing and brimming with dreaming. Twain had alwaysdreamed of turning into a steamer chief and he realized that one day he wouldaccomplish that objective. He saw seeing the strong Mississippi River as steamboatspassed with all parts of humankind. Twains fantasy about turning into a pilot never faded,although numerous different dreams did. Twain had an enthusiasm for the steamships on the Mississippi River. A pilot was a significant and well known method of living. Others thoughtthat it was the best street to take for a vocation. Imprint Twain was resolved to become asteamboat pil ot, and he would not get back until he had accomplished this. Heday-imagined as a kid and a youthful about being an extraordinary pilot. Horace Bixby gaveSamuel Clemens the name Mark Twain since it implied a profundity of twelve feet. Twainwanted to explore the Mississippi River. He paid Horace Bixby 500 dollars toteach him how to accomplish this (Bloom 155). Not exclusively marked Twain can make others giggle, however he expressedhis considerations about existence and his damaging acknowledge of the past through amusingness in hisworks. Twains style of diversion has gone all through the world throughout the years. Hisbroad however inconspicuous silliness was hugely well known (165). Life on the Mississippi is something other than a book about existence on the waterway. It is alsoreflections on Twains life. This book is a genuine encounter of Mark Twains traumatizingchildhood. It was likewise a book that was alluded to as his steamer book. Life on theMississippi consolidates a personal record of Twains encounters as a waterway pilotwith a visit to the Mississippi about two decades after he left it. The entire town gotexcited when a steamer was descending the waterway. The Mississippi River is seen asthe virtuoso Loci of Mark Twains creative mind. Twain was likewise a pragmatist when composing hisnovels. Others got desirous of Twain and his achievements (De Veto 52). His fantasies as well as his feelings of dread of the past were a piece of this book. Inother works of Twain, there was disarray about the crowd that would and ought to beattracted to it. A portion of his books were humerous for kids yet in addition difficult issues foradults. While composing the books The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and The Adventures ofHuckleberry Finn, Twain didn't know whether these were childrens books or those for grown-ups. In these works Twain expressed this was another method of composing in light of the fact that the literarylanguage depended on the slang of the American culture. It took long stretches of composing for the fulfillment of these books and they were thought of as showstoppers that couldn't beoutdone by some other works. The book The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Hucksadventures furnish the peruser with a perspective on American life along the Mississippi Riverbefore the Civil War. Twains aptitude in catching the rhythms of that life help make t hebook one of the magnum opuses of American writing (Clemens 2). .u6fd399827bb6cb78ac9f2a3bcba0bd2d , .u6fd399827bb6cb78ac9f2a3bcba0bd2d .postImageUrl , .u6fd399827bb6cb78ac9f2a3bcba0bd2d .focused content zone { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u6fd399827bb6cb78ac9f2a3bcba0bd2d , .u6fd399827bb6cb78ac9f2a3bcba0bd2d:hover , .u6fd399827bb6cb78ac9f2a3bcba0bd2d:visited , .u6fd399827bb6cb78ac9f2a3bcba0bd2d:active { border:0!important; } .u6fd399827bb6cb78ac9f2a3bcba0bd2d .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u6fd399827bb6cb78ac9f2a3bcba0bd2d { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; mistiness: 1; change: murkiness 250ms; webkit-change: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u6fd399827bb6cb78ac9f2a3bcba0bd2d:active , .u6fd399827bb6cb78ac9f2a3bcba0bd2d:hover { obscurity: 1; progress: darkness 250ms; webkit-change: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u6fd399827bb6cb78ac9f2a3bcba0bd2d .focused content territory { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u6fd399827bb6cb78ac9f2a3bcba0bd2d .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content beautification: underline; } .u6fd399827bb6cb78ac9f2a3bcba0bd2d .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u6fd399827bb6cb78ac9f2a3bcba0bd2d .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; fringe range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content improvement: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6fd399827bb6cb78ac9f2a3bcba0bd2d:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u6fd399 827bb6cb78ac9f2a3bcba0bd2d .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u6fd399827bb6cb78ac9f2a3bcba0bd2d-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u6fd399827bb6cb78ac9f2a3bcba0bd2d:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: What are the main parts of their relationship an EssayRoughing It presents records of his less decent past. Some have thoughtthis book is the aftereffects of Twain wedding a spouse that needed him to carry on with a morerespectable life than he had previously. His particularly unpleasant The Tragedy of PuddnheadWilson underscored the adjustment in his demeanor, in spite of the fact that he kept on advancing theeffort that was anticipated from him from others. Both of these books are a differentiation ofTwains disposition in Life on the Mississippi. He rashly carefully put an incredible arrangement ofmoney in printing and distributing adventures. In 1893, he got himself somewhere down owing debtors. Hewearily addressed his way around various pieces of the world while making individuals snicker atany cost. He recorded the entirety of his encounters. His life was shadowed by the passings of histwo little girls and the long sickness and demise in 1904 of his better half. Whatever the reasonmay have been, he completely deserted his hopeful tone of Personal Recollections of Joanof Arc. Rather he composed The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg, What Is Man?, and TheMysterious Stranger. The conspicuous inconsistency between the expert humorist andthe announced contempt toward humankind has captivated analysts. The squabbles aboutinfluences upon him and impressions of American keenness in his compositions seemsometimes to have obscured his definitive significance as a craftsman and as American (4). In spite of the fact that Twains notoriety was steady, his life was brimming with money related and proficient disillusionment. His life was loaded with these mistake due to his own catastrophes for an incredible duration before. Following quite a while of achievement in his compositions, Twain became bankrupt due to the frenzy of 1893. As Twain developed more established, he turned into an unpleasant man. Life on the Mississippi turned Mark twains considerations to his past and to memories before the war. He was a lot more joyful when thinking about back his more youthful days of his undertakings as a pilot on a steamer (Twain 67).His best work is portrayed by wide, frequently flippant diversion or social parody. Twains composing is additionally known for authenticity of spot and language, essential characters, and contempt of false reverence and mistreatment. Twains work during the 1890s and the 1900s is set apart by developing negativity and sharpness. Huge works of this period ar e Puddnhead Wilson , a novel set in the South before the Civil War that reprimands prejudice by concentrating on mixed up racial characters and Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc, a wistful life story. The Mysterious Stranger, was an uncompleted piece that was distributed after death in 1916. Twains work was enlivened by the whimsical West, and the notoriety of his work denoted the finish of the mastery of American writing by New England scholars. He is legitimately eminent as a humorist yet was not generally valued by the scholars of his time as anything over that (65). Progressive ages of scholars, be that as it may, perceived the job that Twain played in making a really American writing. He depicted interestingly American subjects in a beneficial language. His achievement in making this plain yet profitable language accelerated the finish of American adoration for British and European culture and for the more conventional language related with those customs. His adherence to American subjects, settings, and language set him apart from numerous different authors of the day and powerfully affected such later American scholars as Ernest Hemingway

Construction Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Development Law - Essay Example For this situation, the delicate showed up on schedule, however lay in the letterbox, in this way it was esteemed to be a legitimate offer. A one-sided agreement would transform into a reciprocal agreement through a legitimate acknowledgment, connoted by a presentation of the specified terms inside the offer. As per I.M. Wormser, the defense for fixing acknowledgment to a one-sided contract upon finished execution of the specified terms depends on symmetry3. In this way regarding the delicate, there is no commitment upon the offerer, nor is there any commitment upon the offeree except if and until the specified terms of the offer have been finished. An offeree need not play out the specified terms, in which case no agreement exists. In this manner, the underlying delicate was sent to Widget by Dig-it Builders yet when acknowledged by Widget, didn't yet establish a proper agreement since Dig-it sent a counter offer and when it was not acknowledged inside the specified timespan, they sent the fax pulling back their offer. Anyway the first term of the delicate is 60 days so the delicate despite everything stays open, since just one gathering has pulled back the offer. The mail showing acknowledgment by Widget was posted by the modeler around the same time, and the courts have considered acknowledgment when a letter is posted4. Anyway it is gotten on the resulting day (the 35th) day of the delicate. Accordingly, this will even now be dependent upon the general standard with respect to acknowledgment, which is the prerequisite of real communication5. No lawful responsibility will be considered to exist until the acknowledgment of the offer is conveyed to the offerer and up to that point, either party is allowed to change their minds.6 However, Dig-it’s fax will be translated to be a counter proposal as in it is a withdrawal of the first offer, which does not exist anymore. In any case, the delicate isn't yet shut on the grounds that Dig-it has made a counter offer decreasing the cost, in spite of the fact that this will even now not be an agreement until acknowledgment is gotten

Health Resources and Policy Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Wellbeing Resources and Policy Analysis - Essay Example Among the issues confronted incorporate; absence of appropriate subsidizing, increment in instances of mental issue just as shame looked by casualties of psychological well-being issue (U.S Council of States Government, paras2-3). The third segment centers around association frameworks and how they were subsidized by various elements. At long last, the forward segment concentrated on strategy proposals on powerful conveyance of emotional well-being administrations. For instance, it was suggested that people, families, elements, government and all partners ought to take part in figuring and executing plans on psychological wellness (U.S Council of States Government, paras2-3). In above association, the U.S government by means of a few offices, for example, branch of Substance Abuse, Mental Health and Service Administration(SAMHSA) gave financing to the above parts (Sultz and Young pp.315-329). Whereby, the survivors of mental issue shouldn't get subsidizing legitimately but instead through specific bodies (U.S Council of States Government, paras2-10). For example, in 2004 the branch of Substance Abuse, Mental Health and Service Administration related to Medicaid and Medicare Center Services gave a complete subsidizing worth $434millions in financing emotional well-being framework. What's more, the division of Medicaid contributed more financing than some other offices (U.S Council of States Government, paras2-10). Sultz, Harry An, and Kristina M. Youthful. Social insurance USA: Understanding Its Organization and Delivery. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett, 2011.Web. 8 May 2013. U.S Council of States Government. Components of Effective Health and Social Service System: Mental Health Care Systems. Equity Center.Web.8 May 2013< http://www.reen

British English vs. American English

British English vs. American English Playwright George Bernard Shaw once claimed, England and America are two countries divided by a common language. Since the Americas were colonized over 400 years ago, the form of English used in the United States has deviated from that used in the United Kingdom. Therefore, the form of English used in the United Kingdom is called British English, and the form of English used in the United States is called American English.During the course of writing, you may be asked to write in your non-native format. For example, some academic journals require articles to be formatted in a particular style. Therefore, it is important to be aware of the ways in which the two forms differ. It is also important to point out that the differences in style extend beyond what your spell check may highlight. This article will address the differences between the two forms, including spelling, punctuation, grammar, vocabulary, idioms, and formatting of dates and numbers.SpellingFor spelling issues, the safe st option is to consult a dictionary. Use the Oxford Dictionary for British English and the Merriam Webster Dictionary for American English. A few common differences are listed below.American English or vs. British English our:Examples include color/colour and favorite/favourite.American English ze vs. British English se:Examples include analyze/analyse and criticize/criticise.American English ll vs. British English l:Examples include enrollment/enrolment and skillful/skillful.American English er vs. British English re:Examples include center/centre and meter/metre.American English e vs. British English oe or ae:Examples include encyclopedia/encyclopaedia and maneuver/manoeuvre.PunctuationThe most important difference involves the use of quotation marks. Double quotation marks are used as primary quotes in American English, whereas single quotation marks are used in British English.For quotes within quotes, single quotation marks are used in American English, and double quotations m arks are used in British English.To add to the confusion, periods and commas are generally placed inside closing quotes in American English and placed outside closing quotes in British English. In both styles, question marks and exclamation points are placed inside the quotation marks if they belong to the quotation and outside otherwise.The following sentences highlight the key differences.My father always said, Be careful what you wish for. (American English)My father always said, Be careful what you wish for. (British English)Another difference appears in letter writing. In American English, a comma follows the salutation in an informal letter (Dear John,), and a colon follows the salutation in a business letter (Dear John:). In British English, a comma follows the salutation in all letters.Writers should also be careful when using the term i.e. as the punctuation that follows also differs. In American English, a comma follows i.e. or e.g. No comma is used in British English.Abbr eviations may also be expressed differently. In American English, a period is typically used with abbreviations (Ph.D and Mr.), but in British English, no period is used (PhD and Mr).Finally, it is also worthwhile to note that ( ) marks are referred to as brackets in British English. In American English, ( ) marks are referred to as parentheses (singular parenthesis), whereas [ ] are called brackets.GrammarWill/ShallIn British English, it is fairly common to use shall with the first person to talk about the future. Americans rarely use shall.I will never forget this favour. (American English)I shall/will never forget this favour. (British English)Collective NounsCollective nouns like jury, team, family, and government can take both singular and plural verbs in British English. In American English, they normally take a singular verb.The committee meets tomorrow. (American English)The committee meets/meet tomorrow. (British English)VocabularyThe greatest difference between the two for ms may be in vocabulary. Some differences in usage and/or meaning can cause confusion or embarrassment:Apartment vs. FlatArea code vs. Dialing codeATM vs. CashpointBaby carriage vs. PramBathroom vs. Loo/water closetCookie vs. BiscuitElevator vs. LifePeriod vs. Full stopThere are also a few differences in preposition use, including the following:American English on the weekend vs. British English at the weekendAmerican English on a team vs. British English in a teamIdiomsThere are a number of English idioms that have essentially the same meaning but show lexical differences between the American and British version, for instance:Knock on wood vs. Touch woodA drop in the bucket vs. A drop in the oceanBeating a dead horse vs. Flogging a dead horseLay of the land vs. Lie of the landDates and numbersIn American English, the date is expressed as April 17, 1978. Conversely, in British English, the date is expressed as 17 April 1978.The time may also be expressed differently in British Engli sh since the 24-hour clock (18:00 or 1800) is routinely used in the UK and Europe in applications including air, rail, and bus timetables; however, it is largely unused in the US outside of military, police, and medical applications.Finally, in most cases, British English and American English can be used interchangeably. However, in formal writing, it is important to know the distinctions and apply them appropriately.

Budgeting of Capitale Example For Free - Free Essay Example

Capital budgeting can be defined as the process of analyzing, evaluating, and deciding whether resources should be allocated to a project or not. Capital budgeting addresses the issue of where funds should be disbursed over a long period of time. The process of capital budgeting ensures the optimal placement of funds and resources. It also helps management work toward the goal of maximizing shareholder wealth. The method used by most large companies to evaluate investment projects is called the net present value (NPV). It is a standard method for the monetary worth of long-term projects. It measures the surplus or deficit of cash flows, in present value (PV) terms, once financing charges are met. The NPV is used for budgeting and is widely used throughout economics. The way NPV works is simple. When firms make investments, they are spending money they have obtained from investors. Investors expect a return on the money that they give to firms, so a firm should accept a n investment only if the present value of the cash flow is greater than the cost of making the investment. However, decision-makers must somehow verify that any decisions made based on the NPV can be flexible. This flexibility is in place in the event that factors affecting the decision later change. NPV compares the value of a dollar today to the value of that same dollar in the future, taking inflation and returns into account. Â   If the NPV of a prospective project is positive, it should be accepted. Â   However, if the NPV is negative, the project should probably be rejected because cash flows will also be negative. Internal rate of return (IRR) is the expected rate of return that can be earned on a capital project. The IRR is a calculated interest rate based on the cash flows of a project or investment. The calculation estimates what the future rate of return is but translates it into present cash value. IRR is typically a calculation for businesses to use in determining the NPV of its money when considering income and initial costs for starting a business. IRR is typically an estimate and will often differ from the actual execution of a project. Â   However, stronger growth would still be expected from a project with a greater IRR. Like the NPV calculation, the IRR evaluation also determines if a company should accept or reject a project proposal. A project should be accepted when the IRR is greater than the rate of return and should be rejected if the IRR is less than the rate of return. When evaluating mutually exclusive project, the projects with the greatest IRR should be accepted .The project with the greatest IRR would be assumed to provide the most cash flow growth. An IRR calculation for a project can also be compared against prevailing rates of return for alternate investments such as an investment in the securities market. Â   If a company cannot generate project alternatives with IRRs greater than the returns that can be generated f rom alternate investments, it may invest its retained earnings in the market or alternative investments to internal projects. Many advantages accompany the use of IRR. One would be that it is considered to be straight forward and easy to understand. It also recognizes the time value of money. IRR also uses cash flows. One disadvantage of internal rate of return is it often gives unrealistic rates of return and unless the calculated IRR gives a reasonable rate of reinvestment of future cash flows, it should not be used as a reason to accept or reject a project. Another disadvantage to the use of IRR is that there may not be one singular rate. Depending on the cash flow structure, if there are different cash flow signs in different years (positive and negative), then the math will not add up. In essence it entails more problems than a practitioner may think. Another disadvantage is that the IRR could be quite misleading if there is no large initial cash outflow. The profitabilit y index for a project proposal is compared to the present value of future inflows with the initial outflow, in ratio terms. To calculate the profitability index take the present value of all future cash flows and divide that by the initial cash investment. Calculating the profitability index only requires the initial investment figure and the present value of cash flows figures. The decision to undertake or reject a project relies on whether the profitability index is greater than or less than 1. Any profitability index value less than 1 would mean that the projects present value is less than the initial investment and the relationship between costs and benefits is not positive. A project should be accepted when the PI is greater than 1 and should be rejected if the PI is less than 1. When evaluating a mutually exclusive project the project with the greatest PI should be accepted as the project with the greatest PI would be assumed to provide the greatest financial benefit. The prof itability index is easily understood by people with minimal background knowledge in finance-because it uses a simple formula of division. A major disadvantage of the profitability index is that it may lead to incorrect decisions when comparing mutually exclusive projects. These are a set of projects for which at most one will be accepted the most profitable one. Decisions made from the profitability index do not show which of the mutually exclusive projects has a shorter return duration. This leads to choosing a project with longer a return duration. The profitability index requires an investor to estimate the cost of capital in order to calculate it. Estimates may be biased and therefore inaccurate. Because there is no systematic procedure for determining cost of capital of a project this may lead to inconsistent decision making when the assumptions do not hold in the future. The payback period is the time it takes to recover the initial investment in a project while it is op erating. The payback period is used to assess projects and to calculate the return per year from the beginning of the project until the investment is said to have been paid back. That is usually when the accumulated returns are equal to the cost of the investment. The payback method is computed as follows: Payback Period= Initial Investment Cash Inflow per Period. The payback decision rule states that acceptable projects must have less than some maximum payback period designated by management. Payback is said to emphasize the managements concern with liquidity and the need to minimize risk through a rapid recovery of the initial investment. It is often used for small expenditures that have obvious benefits, and projects which the use of more sophisticated capital budgeting methods is not required or justified. Some advantages of the payback period are that it is widely used and easily understood and it favors capital projects that return large early cash flows. There are also safe-g uards against risk and uncertainty in this area. The payback method also allows a financial manager to deal with the risk by investigating how long it will take to get back the initial investment, although it does not treat risk directly. It addresses capital control issues easily. The payback method remains a major supplementary tool prevalent in the investment process. Along with advantages, there are also disadvantages associated with the payback method. One disadvantage is that it ignores any benefits that occur after the payback period, thus it does not measure total revenue. Another disadvantage of the payback period is its disregard of moneys varying value. Inflation and deflation change the value of money over time. The payback method over-emphasizes short run profitability.

A Brief Moment Lesson From Rome - 1454 Words

The US has taken in a brief moment lesson from Rome, understanding the centrality of innovation. For the Romans, it was those broadly straight streets, empowering the realm to move troops or supplies at great rates - rates that would not be surpassed for well over a thousand years. It was an impeccable illustration of how one magnificent quality tends to encourage another: an advancement in building, initially intended for military utilization, went ahead to support Rome industrially. Today those parkways discover their partner in the data superhighway: the web additionally started as a military apparatus, conceived by the US barrier office, and now remains at the heart of American trade. All the while, it is making English the Latin of its day - a dialect talked over the globe. The US is demonstrating what the Romans definitely knew: that once a realm is a world pioneer in one circle, it soon overwhelms in each other. In any case, it is not simply particular tips that the US appears to have grabbed from its antiquated ancestors. Maybe, it is the crucial way to deal with realm that echoes so boisterously. Rome comprehended that, in the event that it is to last, a force to be reckoned with necessities to rehearse both hard colonialism, the matter of winning wars and attacking grounds, and delicate government, the social and political traps that work not to win control but rather to keep it. So Rome s most noteworthy triumphs came not toward the end of a lance, but ratherShow MoreRelatedDiderot s Critique On Art And Public Of The Eighteenth Century1484 Words   |  6 Pagesmanages to engage not only what is on the canvas, but also in the way he is able to instill each composition’s elements with significance in a greater context. Diderot’s critic of Hubert Robert’s work, among others, in The Salon of 1767 serves as a lesson for both artists and observers. His writing engages both groups through exploration of the role antiquity, imagination, and temporality play in the creation and viewership of art. In doing so, Diderot defines what made the art and public of the eighteenthRead MoreThe Most Important Resource Ever Essay1488 Words   |  6 Pagesmay be small and brief but, bring its successors lessons and innovations that allow them to be that much greater. What is even more fascinating about these empires is that their advancement or demise is dep endent upon moments and the decisions of men and women of ambition. Also, the manner in which they record history is unlike any other beings in all of the cosmos. The victor gets to dictate the narrative, often inhibiting those who are relayed the story of past endeavors from hearing the true extentRead MoreReal Word Negotiations1661 Words   |  7 Pagesour children to school every day through some country roads, we just wanted to be reasonably confident that nothing could happen about the car engine. 1. Preparation of the negotiation We (my wife and I) started to prepare the negotiation from one main assumption: knowledge is truly power. Since normally in the car buying system the car salesman has the most information, we decided first of all to gather all the information we could in terms of price, facilities, characteristics etc. aboutRead MoreAnalysis Of The Meditations By Marcus Aurelius2002 Words   |  9 Pagespublished. It is a collection of exhortations, reminders, reflections, and ideologies meant for his own self-improvement. By reading his Meditations, I have grown in thought and character. Aurelius has wonderful lessons everyone can learn from. Author Marcus Aurelius was born 121 AD in Rome. His father died three years after. He was then adopted by his grandfather who provided teachers for Marcus, all of whom he expresses gratitude for in Book 1. At age seventeen, Marcus was adopted by AntoninusRead More Biography of Augustine the African Essay example5161 Words   |  21 Pagesto moderns to bridge the gap between ancient pagan Rome and the Christian middle ages. But to Augustine, as to his contemporaries, that gap separated real people and places they knew, not whole imaginary ages of past and future. He lived as we do, in the present, full of uncertainty. Augustines African homeland had been part of Romes empire since the destruction of Carthage five hundred years before his birth. Carthage had been rebuilt by Rome as the metropolis of Roman Africa, wealthy once againRead More Teaching The Confessions of St. Augustine Essay3945 Words   |  16 Pagestheme is found in book two, chapter three, in which Augustine ponders why God remains silent while humans-in this case, Monica-gives him an ear full. He writes, Do I dare say to you that you, my God, remained silent when I departed still farther from you? Did you in truth remain silent to me at that time? Whose words but yours were those that you sang in my ears by means of my mother, your faithful servant? (Augustine 69) This is but one of numerous examples that could be given. Although ultimatelyRead MoreThe Rise And Fall Of Soul And Self2852 Words   |  12 PagesChristianity has guided most of Western culture for as long as human beings have known right from wrong. Human beings and even laws have been written in juxtaposition of the moralistic lessons taught within the scriptures of the Bible. The idea behind Jesus Christ, God and the Holy Spirit has influenced many visionary philosophers to view the body and soul as either a separate or unified entity and has caused many theorists to argue on the materialistic attributes of such. Just like the ideas ofRead MoreLife and Thoughts of Mahatma Gandhi3441 Words   |  14 Pages1888 to train as a lawyer, after giving a pledge to his mother that he would avoid wine, women, and meat. In the early months he lived the life of an English gentleman, buying himself a morning suit, a top hat, and a silver-headed cane, and taking lessons in dancing, elocution, and the violin. As the money ran out and after he had narrowly escaped a sexual temptation, better sense prevailed, and Gandhi turned to the more serious aspects of English life. Like many other colonial leaders he discoveredRead MoreUt Unum Sint25504 Words   |  103 Pagesdialogue Reception of the results already achieved Continuing spiritual ecumenism and bearing witness to holiness Contribution of the Catholic Church to the quest for Christian unity The ministry of unity of the Bishop of Rome The communion of all particular Churches with the Church of Rome: a necessary condition for unity Full unity and evangelization EXHORTATION ****************************** INTRODUCTION lt;UT UNUM SINTgt;! The call for Christian unity made by the Second Vatican Ecumenical CouncilRead MoreAnalysis Of George Eliot s The 2831 Words   |  12 PagesGarth will not accept Fred until he abandons the Church and settles on a more suitable career. In this regard, Fred resembles Henry Fielding s character Tom Jones, both characters being moulded into a good husband by the love they give to and receive from a woman. Most characters in Middlemarch many for have rather than obligation, yet marriage still appears negative and unromantic. Marriage and the pursuit of it are central concerns in Middlemarch, but unlike in many novel of the time, marriage is

Email Lessons from Spanish.About.Com

Need a reminder to learn a little Spanish each day? Are you looking for some quick lessons, or a random sampling of what Spanish has to offer? If so, one of our email courses may be what youre looking for. Each of our email courses features useful information as well as links to lessons and/or vocabulary pages on the site. Heres what we offer: : This is our most popular email course. Each day you will receive a new vocabulary word along with its definition and an example of its usage in a sentence. Most of the vocabulary is at an intermediate or advanced level, although even beginners can benefit from seeing how these words are used in the sample sentences. Each daily installment also has links to a lesson on vocabulary or grammar. : If youre brand new to learning Spanish, this is the email course for you. We use mostly basic words, and we keep the sample sentences straightforward so that you can better see how the words are being used. Once you finish this course, youll be ready for the regular Word of the Day. : Just what its title implies, the mini-course features links to lessons in basic Spanish. By studying a few lessons each day, the beginning student will have a knowledge of the basic concepts of Spanish grammar as well as learn some of the most essential words of the language. : Each day you receive a Spanish proverb, saying or quotation along with its translation in English the following day. This series of mini-lessons lasts about six months.

Human Nature And Nature - 1375 Words

Nature Nature is the world around us, except for human-made phenomena. As humans are the only animal species that consciously, powerfully manipulates the environment, we think of ourselves as exalted, as special. We acknowledge that in an objective view we are merely one of many organisms, and that we are not able to survive outside of our natural world of air, earth, water and life. But we tend to be poor leaders in the hierarchy of animal life. Despite our greatness, too often we waste, we fight, we breed heedlessly, and are too self-centered and short-sighted. I take note of the increasing awareness of ecology, at least in Western culture, and am heartened. We may still change our weapons of war into tools of peace, and our habits†¦show more content†¦We all know that a short, rainy winter day is less pleasant than a warm sunny June day. Most of us are cheered at the return of spring, and we mostly have certain pleasant or striking memories we associate with each seaso n. My awareness of nature was at this relatively normal level until high school. I recall as an 8th grade student, that nature was wholly unappealing to me. I liked sports, music, comic books, stamp collecting, and whatnot. Trees were trees, grass was grass, flowers were flowers and weeds were weeds. But by the time I was in 10th grade, and especially 11th grade, I had been affected profoundly by nature awareness. I went from a normal worldview to one wherein the value of being aware of and appreciative of nature was a centerpiece. In retrospect, this was the pivotal transformation of my life. In high school I went from just another one of the guys into a person whose passion and livelihood became nature. The process was begun, I think, by my having read Thoreaus Walden. I did this because I was exhorted to do so by an influential 8th grade teacher, George Hofbauer. Walden affected me, as I was at that ripe, receptive, impressionable age. In turn I read other authors: Emerson, Goethe, Voltaire, Carlyle, Plato, Marcus Aurelius, Schopenhauer, Pascal, Montaigne,Show MoreRelatedUnchangeable Change: The Embodiment of Nature and Human Nature1107 Words   |  4 PagesTHEME; Unchangeable Change. The development of my theme, unchangeable change, through embodiment of nature and human nature. Change defines everything that we know or understand about our world. Change is an inevitable aspect of our lives that remains unchangeable. Physical natures, human natures and instincts are all embodied within us. Our nature drives us to change, to try change things that can neither be persuaded nor be changed. All of us can personalize change in our lives, we can all attachRead MoreHuman Nature Essay1099 Words   |  5 Pages Is there or is there not human nature? For Charles Darwin the answer is no. Darwin was the first to introduce the concept of evolution. He believed that humans evolved from the ape and not in the image of God. Darwin contradicted Aristotles view that man has a purpose in life -to reason. For Darwin, man has no purpose. According to Darwin, man began as one of a few species on this planet, fighting for survival. Man was better equipped with certain traits that allowed him to pass through theRead MoreThe Philosophy Of Human Nature1423 Words   |  6 Pages 1st is about Evil, 2nd is about Good, 3rd is about Every Man for Themselves and 4th is about experience. We are going to learn about four men known and revered for their philosophical teachings on human nature, unfortunately all four have very different opinions. Human Nature what is it? Where does it come from? Why, after so many years do we still not know the answer? The philosophers Mencius, Husun Tzu, Hobbes, and Locke are all very passionate in their beliefs and have written different argumentsRead MoreHuman Nature Disobedience814 Words   |  4 PagesHuman nature encompases a series of traits that have been added to as history continues; these traits are what entitle people to who they are. Common sense seems to dictate that helpfulness, kindness, and greed would be ways to describe human nature, but another would be disobedience. An Irish author, Oscar Wilde, once voiced his view on human nature with regards to disobedience. Wilde claims â€Å"disobedience, in the eyes of a nyone who has read history, is man’s original virtue†. History, where lessonsRead MoreWhat Is Human Nature?2010 Words   |  9 PagesIntro: What is human nature? Recently I heard the story of Edd, a man who begin therapy after being found on a kitchen floor with a knife, several vicious wounds, and no knowledge of how he got there. In his first therapy session the therapist asked about family and medical history, and finally life events leading up to the â€Å"kitchen incident,† as Edd termed it. After Edd filled him in on his struggle with depression and suicide and explained the â€Å"kitchen incident,† The therapist exclaimed, â€Å"You’reRead MoreHobbes View Of Human Nature1495 Words   |  6 PagesTaking in consideration the merely intuitive and straightforward notion of pessimism, this essay will argue that Hobbes’ view of human nature is not pessimistic. Firstly, this argument will be supported by an explanation of some of Hobbes’ theoretical assumptions, which reveal his stance on human nature. More specifically, his theory on the state of nature becoming a state of war, and the steps he takes to arrive to this conclusion, will be outlined to ultimately demonstrate that Hobbes does notRead MoreHobbes Human Nature Essay1424 Words   |  6 Pagesviewpoints about human nature, the origin of the state, the nature of government, and the grounds for revolution. Although Hobbes and Locke agreed on some general facets of political theory, Thomas Hobbes’ generally presented a pessimistic, provocative view of politics, while John Locke tended towards a more optimist and mainstream approach to explaining constitutional theory. In regards to human nature, both Hobbes and Locke agree that the purpose of government relies on the nature of humanity itselfRead MoreEssay on Principles of Human Nature909 Words   |  4 Pages Fundamental Principles of Human Nature The heated controversy over how human beings develop their behavior, ideas, reasoning and other abstract traits has been in ongoing debate for centuries. John Locke’s â€Å"blank slate† theory of experience and sensation, and Edward Wilson’s theory of evolutionary biology and innate genes are both valid and apply to the development of human nature. It is has been proven through scientific research of the human genome over time, that both sides of this controversialRead MoreHuman Nature, By John Locke Essay2201 Words   |  9 PagesHuman nature is a cruel mistress that depending on a person’s view on the world can be really on either ok or really bad. In only isolated situations does human nature lead people to do true good while in general human nature leads to bad decisions and equally bad results. Philosophers have all written about human nature in their commonwealths as well as in their imagined states of nature. Thomas Hobbes in his book, Levithan, a nd John Locke in his second treatise in his book, Two Treatises on GovernmentRead MoreHuman Nature, By John Locke2060 Words   |  9 PagesHuman nature is an enigma that many people have debated for centuries with some being more idealistic while others are very cynical. Many political philosophers have discussed these in their books as human nature is central to the development of a ideal republic that can properly rule. Thomas Hobbes in his book, Levithan, and John Locke in his second treatise in his book, Two Treatises on Government, both talk extensively about human nature.The pair take two different approaches to explaining human

A Comparison of Shakespeares Macbeth and Rupert Goolds...

William Shakespeare’s masterpiece, Macbeth, is a tragedy brilliantly brought to the 21st Century by Rupert Goold. Although Shakespeare’s Macbeth is a play set in 16th Century Scotland, Rupert Goold modernizes the play by changing the setting to a Soviet-styled country and implementing modern elements into the characters and theme. Although Shakespeare’s Macbeth and Rupert Goold’s film adaptation share many ideologies and a general storyline, a difference exists in the setting, the characters, and the overall ambience of the story. In an effort to successfully relate the plot to his audience, Rupert Goold places the setting for Macbeth in a bleak, militaristic, Society-styled state, described by critic Ben Brantley as a â€Å"joyless, stark†¦show more content†¦Through the manipulation of gazes, viewers of Rupert Goold’s film are able to experience the thoughts and consciousness of Macbeth. As what critic Ben Brantley describes as â€Å"raw susceptibility,† Lady Macbeth foreshadows danger through Macbeth’s poses. Rupert Goold successfully effuses more fear into the film by implementing staging devices and symbolism. Through the croaking of a raven and haunting background music, Goold subjects his viewers to the same state of agitation and rage felt by the characters. Goold emphasizes symbolism by using physical instruments such as a figurine, suggestive of the former Thane of Cowder. Through the figurine, the characters and the viewers, alike, are fixated by the prophecies mad e by the witches. The presence of a state of Hell is evident in the film. Unlike the witches’ cave in Shakespeare’s cave, the nurses of the film reveal their prophecies in an industrial room, only accessible through a caged elevator. The area, described by critic Nicholas de Jongh is an â€Å"atmosphere of existential strangeness†¦ a murky limbo.† At the end of play, after the beheading of Macbeth, Macbeth and Lady Macbeth are seen descending into the room, presumably entering the gates of Hell. By using the state of Hell, Rupert Goold makes his film more dramatic and frightening. The murder scenes of Rupert Goold’s film share similar elements ofShow MoreRelatedCompare And Contrast Rupert Goold And Macbeth Essay1225 Words   |  5 PagesShakespeare. Macbeth, was first performed in 1606. This play details a Scottish general named Macbeth who receives a prediction from a trio of witches that believes in the future he will become the king of Scotl and. Disbursed by political ambition and urged to action by his wife, Grouch, Macbeth murders king Duncan and takes over the throne himself. Yet, in return Macbeth then suffers from liability and paranoia. Copious amounts of adaptations have been made to modernise the 16th Century play. Rupert Goold’s

Hindu Religion Free Essays

HINDU RELIGION Dennis E. Leber Axia College RELIGIONS OF THE WORLD (AXIA) HUM/130 NAOMI DOUMBIA AUG 14, 2007 The Hindu religion The Hindu religion is strongly dependent on the Hindu philosophy and in addition, has inculcated a lot of rituals and practices. The Hindu religion has 333 million gods; this is because the Hindu philosophy believes that every human being is God himself. We will write a custom essay sample on Hindu Religion or any similar topic only for you Order Now This acceptance of the multiplicity of the Supreme Being in many forms is the hallmark of the Hindu religion. The Hindu religion is also very assimilative and has accepted many faiths into it. The Hindu religion also allows religious freedom and does not enforce the edicts of the religion on anyone. In fact, Hinduism teaches that a person, in order to attain liberation from the worldly bondage, must select the religion that he is comfortable in. Hence, it accepts the existence of all other religions as a means to realize God. The Hindu religion like other religions also believes in the battle between the good and the evil although at a lower level of existence. The religion preaches that man must advance himself through successive levels of knowledge in his quest for the final truth. Hence, the concept of the Devas, or the good deities and the Asuras, the demoniac characters are very important in the Hindu traditions. Many folklores revolve around the battles between the Devas and the Asuras. The important Godheads in the Hindu tradition are Brahma, Vishnu and Siva who correspond with the three ‘Gunas’ or qualities of Satva (pureness), Rajas(action), and Tamas(darkness and inactivity). Man is a mixture of the three gunas and the inherent nature of a person will depend on the predominance of the three gunas in him. The Hindu Social Life The Hindu social life is caste based, which was originally devised for the division of labor. Hence the Hindu society has the Brahmins, the highest class who performs rituals and is supposed to be the most educated in terms of religion. Then comes the Kshatriyas who are the warrior and ruling class. Following them in importance comes the Vaishyas, who are the business class. Last comes the Shudras who serve the upper class. People who do not come in these four classes were previously classified as the untouchables who had to do menial jobs in the society and were looked down upon. Women were given important position in the family even though her importance in public affairs was greatly curtailed during the later years of Hindu history The Hindu way of life has many beliefs that were perhaps a means that offered social balance in the society. For example, the norm of sacrifice and the mandatory rules on feeding others helped to provide food for the needy. Similarly, the social practices were seen as the physical manifestations of the philosophical edicts that Hinduism preached. For example the practice of sacrifice to the fire is a physical manifestation of the philosophic ritual of giving up everything for the sake of understanding the truth. Similarly, the belief that the confluence of the three rivers Ganga, Yamuna and Saraswathi is holy, is due to the Tantric belief that the meeting point of the three nerve centers in the body awakens the Kundalini, which is the seat of power in the human body. The desire for liberation from earthly existence Dharma is the duty that you have to fulfill in life through your placement. Karma states that you will reap what you sow. And the desire for liberation from earthly existence is achieved through the combination of the two aforementioned methods. Life death has a cycle. The cycle is wrought with earthly pleasures pain. Your intention is to be free from materialistic desires because they are temporary. Only the soul is eternal. So by meditating, fulfilling your duties, and by eventually ridding yourself of your karma; you are free to exist as soul and be one with the universe as opposed to continuing the cycle of birth death. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Hindu drawn from Aug, 2007 Origin of Hinduism, About. com drawn from Aug 2007 How to cite Hindu Religion, Papers

Business Ethics for Integrity and Honesty- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theBusiness Ethics for Integrity and Honesty. Answer: Introduction Business Ethics and principles are important for an organization in order to make decision. It is a principle function that guides an organization in making policies and procedures. The ethical philosophy in an organization is affecting the reputation, productivity and bottom line of the business. Ethical behavior is important for an organization in order to ensure employees integrity and honesty (Osterwalder and Pigneur, 2010). Organizations are focusing on the ethical code of conduct in order to maintain the standards for quality in their work. This enhances productivity and quality in order to meet results. A positive and healthy corporate culture increases the productivity and improves the employee morale. The given case study focuses on Whistle blowing and ethical issues faced by Michael. The act of whistle blowing has a potential impact between the personal, organisational and societal spheres. The conflict arises from the circumstance that one views a whistleblower as someone sharing knowledge of misconduct and acting disloyal to their organisation (Johnson, Christensen and Kagermann, 2008). Ethical issue in the given scenario The given scenario highlights the malpractices carried by a business organization in order to gain business interest. It is a common practice carried in the business organizations these days. Corporate malpractice is an unethical conduct carried by the business organization detrimental for the future interest. The ethical issue is regarding the unethical use of document for meeting organizational interest. Corporate malpractices are common to the business organization. With rising awareness and corporate governance practices, it has become evident to follow ethical business practices (Zott and Amit, 2010). In the given scenario, there is no particular information regarding the company policies or regulations to provide direction. Use of information gained through wrongful mean is unethical, if not downright illegal. By using confidential information for personal gain comes under the unethical business practices especially Corporate Espionage where the company tries to obtain trade se cret through wrongful mean. Using this confidential information would certainly give a competitive advantage, but put a question on the ethical conduct (Chesbrough, 2010). Duties of Michael in context of Ethical theories Ethical context in business has increased in the corporate sector. This has created a necessity for managing the organization by meeting the ethical means. In the given scenario, there is a serious ethical issue in the organization. In order to meet the organizational interest, the organization is using wrongful mean to gain competitive advantage. Michael has obligations towards the company while working upon the task given to him. Ethical dilemma put a person under a complicated situation. This situation creates problem for the individual and the company while implementing the policies and procedures. An implementation of ethical theory will help in understanding the duties of Michael while performing duties (Week, 2000). The ethical egoism theory is a normative ethical position where an individual work in their own self-interest. Ethical egoism is a situation where the individual is benefitted from the act. He considers the benefits derived from the act (Newton, 2017). Ethical egoi sm does not require moral agents to harm the interests and well-being of others. In the given situation Michael can use the information for the company. The impact of using the information will be incidentally detrimental, beneficial, or neutral on the company. Individualism i considered to be an important aspect in disregarding or not, as long as it is satisfying the self-interest of the individual. The purpose is to meet the long term goals for which an individual is fulfilling the short-term desires that can be detrimental to the self. Ethical egoism endorses selfishness, but it doesn't support foolishness. From the general context of an individual, use of information can be detrimental for oneself. But considering the long term consequences, use of information will benefit the organization. However the theory is regarded as an important parameter while handling the issues (Melden, 2013). As per the Egoism theory Michael should not use the informational unethically as this might affect him later. This theory is based on self-interest. Michael should function by focusing on his interest. This will be helpful in managing his interest. An unethical act might affect him and his interest. Hence Michael should avoid any such act that might have a long lasting impact on his life (Beauchamp, Bowie and Arnold, 2004). As per the Kant theory, morality is the supreme principle. Any act which is immoral is considered as unethical as per the theory. In the given scenario, it is ethical from the part of Michael to do a task that is immoral. Kant theory focuses largely on good and bad. While considering the impact of an activity that is immoral for an individual. It is completely based on the moral worth of the act. The given scenario is an example of an immoral act and depicts the corporate malpractice. From a point of view of an individual the theory focus on doing an activity with utmost moral perspective. While considering an act it is important to handle the act for the well-being of the individual and the organization as well (Garriga and Mel, 2004). Hence it is clear that it is the duty of Michael to act as a Whistle blower in order to reduce the consequences that are caused due to an unethical activity. It is his duty to bring forward the unethical practices taking place in the company. Such business practice is not good for the long term growth of the company. While considering the organizational act it is important to focus on the well being by ethical means. For gaining long term sustainability it is evident for a business to avoid such malpractices. Ethical dilemma is difficult for the individual to manage the long term benefit. It is important for helping the individual in gaining better results while considering the ethical conduct. There are few acts that are considered to be unethical and hence Michael should ask his boss to stop such malpractices. These activities might affect him in future date at the time of scrutiny (Broad, 2014). Role of Michaels boss in terms of ethics Michael boss is unethical here. It is not correct to use the information collected from the wrongful mean. It is clear that the act is completely unethical for the employees and the company on a long run. It can be seen from the case that the information collected by him is unethical. Corporate malpractices are common to the business organization. With rising awareness and corporate governance practices, it has become evident to follow ethical business practices. Any information collected without any proper source is unethical for the company as well the individual using it. There can be an incidence where the employee might face the consequences of such act at future date (Dion, 2012). Firstly, it is unethical to use the confidential information of a competitive company retrieved through an unethical way. It is the case of corporate espionage. There is a probability that Michael has collected information through some colleague. Secondly, it is important for the organization to manage the organizational value. It is important for an individual to follow the ethical code of conduct. It is mandatory from the point of view of organizational growth and conduct. This will help in managing organisational goals and task for meeting effective results. The purpose of the act is to manage the interest of ever individual attached to the organization. This is important for the managing the organizational goals and maintaining a level of code of conduct in attaining result. Responsibilities of Michael Michael is now aware that the organization is using the unethical information collected from the competitor. He should act as a whistle blower in order to avoid such incidences. These acts do have a long term impact on the organization. Advocating whistle blowing is important for the individual in order to avoid the long term impact. It is important to foster culture of self-regulation and accountability, management that can help in ensuring staff and business operations. Whistle blower is ultimately torn in between the employs and the commitment towards the society. Whistle blowing creates fear in the mind of the people. There is a constant fear that the employee might have to face the consequences that is caused due to whistle blowing. In todays competitive business scenario, it is important to use the whistle blowing policies in an effective way. This is important for the society. Whistle blowing is important aspect for the society. It is evident for the business organization in o rder to manage the work in the most effective way (Miceli, near and Dworkin, 2013). Factors affects whistle blowing and justification for it It is important for each and every organization to use effective organizational policies fostering honesty and loyalty. By encouraging this culture, the organization can promote transparent culture. The Whistle blowing policies protect the organization against odds. It is through the whistle blowing policies that the organization these days can gain competitive advantage. A Transparent and honest organizational culture is important for a company (Davis, 2013). It put forward a positive image in front of the customers. This helps the employees in managing the task in order to meet the long term sustainable goals. It is difficult from the point of view of an employee to act as a whistle blower. There can be potential harm to the whistle blower. This is why people are avoiding the instances to act as a whistle blower (Henik, 2015). Reasons why ethics are important for a business In a competitive business environment it is important for managing the business by following effective business ethical policies. It is important for the organization in order to manage the long term organizational sustainable goals. This is important for gaining competitive advantage in order to deal with the problems. Business ethics create a positive impression in the mind of the employees. In this way, the employees are able to gain job security that motivates employees. It creates a positive image in the mind of the investors hence helping in gaining a competitive advantage. At good corporate governance and ethical behavior is important for gaining organizational goals (Chesbrough, 2010). Conclusion To conclude, it is important for the business organization to follow effective ethical principles. The ethical issue is regarding the unethical use of document for meeting organizational interest. Corporate malpractices are common to the business organization. With rising awareness and corporate governance practices, it has become evident to follow ethical business practices. The given scenario focuses on the Whistle blowing and duties important for an individual in order to behave ethically. References Beauchamp, T.L., Bowie, N.E. and Arnold, D.G. eds., 2004. Ethical theory and business. Broad, C.D., 2014.Five types of ethical theory(Vol. 2). Routledge. Chesbrough, H., 2010. Business model innovation: opportunities and barriers.Long range planning,43(2), pp.354-363. Davis, M., 2013. Whistleblowing.The International Encyclopedia of Ethics. Dion, M., 2012. Are ethical theories relevant for ethical leadership?.Leadership Organization Development Journal,33(1), pp.4-24. Garriga, E. and Mel, D., 2004. Corporate social responsibility theories: Mapping the territory.Journal of business ethics,53(1), pp.51-71. Henik, E., 2015. Understanding whistle-blowing: A set-theoretic approach.Journal of Business Research,68(2), pp.442-450. Johnson, M.W., Christensen, C.M. and Kagermann, H., 2008. Reinventing your business model.Harvard business review,86(12), pp.57-68. Melden, A., 2013.Ethical theories. Read Books Ltd. Miceli, M.P., Near, J.P. and Dworkin, T.M., 2013.Whistle-blowing in organizations. Psychology Press. Newton, M.T., 2017. A Comparison of Ethical Theories. Osterwalder, A. and Pigneur, Y., 2010.Business model generation: a handbook for visionaries, game changers, and challengers. John Wiley Sons. Week, B., 2000. Knowledge management and new organization forms: A framework for business model innovation.Knowledge management and virtual organizations,2(1), pp.13-27. Zott, C. and Amit, R., 2010. Business model design: an activity system perspective.Long range planning,43(2), pp.216-226.

Management of Crisis for Land and River

Question: Discuss about the management of crisis for land and river? Answer: Encounters with the Archdruid' is a book that deals with environmental crisis. There are three different sections- A Mountain, An Island and A River. This paper summarizes and provides idea of the first and third section. The first section is on a mountain range, the Glacier Peak in the Cascades located in Central Washington. The issue encountered in the range is mining and its impacts. The section is an argument or debate between the damages done by mining vs. Benefits of mining. It is argued that mining is necessary as it helps the economy going well. Charles Park, the mineral engineer, argues that metals are finite and must be taken wherever they are located. According to him, metals are required for development and progress of the economy. However, David Brower, the militant conversationalist, thinks mining is a bad idea and that it ruins the land and country. He argues that wilderness would die if the environmental group loses the battle if they temporarily have a victory (McPhee, 1977). Mining causes serious environmental damage, not only to the land but also to the country. Various approaches can be followed to reduce mining. The people must reduce the consumption of minerals so that mining processes can be reduced. The minerals must be substituted with renewable products such as plastic can be used instead of metals, biomass instead of uranium for producing energy. There is also a requirement for better legislation and regulations. High penalties must be introduced for violating the rules (Izatt, Izatt, Bruening, Izatt Moyer, 2014). The third chapter is about the Colorado River and Floyd Dominy, a devoted dam builder. Brower argues to stop construction of dams in the Colorado River as he thinks that it is not worth. Dams are being built for securing the benefits of human use. Living and growing up in a dry area, Brower knows the importance of water and that dams are damaging the environment and flooding areas. The dams are asking the river to do more than it can at the Colorado River. He further argues that dams require ongoing maintenance that leads to other impacts such as water quality standards and loss of lives under water (McPhee, 1977). The first step in fighting a new dam construction is to reduce the consumption of water. Once the demand is nailed down, increasing water efficiency and conservation are cost-effective ways to greater dam constructions. The people must be taught reuse, groundwater recharge and renovating dams in a less harmful way are other alternatives (Figueres, Rockstrom Tortajada, 2012). Education can be provided to people with rainwater harvesting and water-saving practices so that there is the lesser demand for water, creating less supply. These practices would help in eliminating the impact of dams on the natural environment. The communities can also contribute to infrastructural costs by investing a fraction in water conservation and efficiency (Moore, 2013). The above practices can help in the management of crisis for land and river. The stories shared by McPhee have helped in developing an argument as they are never ending. References Figueres, C., Rockstrom, J., Tortajada, C. (2012).Rethinking Water Management. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. Izatt, R., Izatt, S., Bruening, R., Izatt, N., Moyer, B. (2014). Challenges to achievement of metal sustainability in our high-tech society.Chemical Society Reviews,43(8), 2451. https://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3cs60440c McPhee, J. (1977).Encounters with the archdruid. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. Moore, J. (2013).Balancing the needs of water use. New York: Springer-Verlag.

Stricter Concussion Protocol Should Be Required At All Levels Of Football Essay Example For Students

Stricter Concussion Protocol Should Be Required At All Levels Of Football Essay For the safety of the players in the present and future, a stricter concussion protocol should be required at all levels of football. Though improvements have been made, the game of football is constantly changing and the protocol needs to keep up with the changes. Today’s athletes are bigger, stronger, and faster than ever before: Size and physical conditioning techniques in sports at all levels have evolved to create an intense athlete. They re able to create more force, power and speed than ever before and that leads to harder hits and a greater number of hits (Neporent). These advances in training have led to a more dangerous sport. We will write a custom essay on Stricter Concussion Protocol Should Be Required At All Levels Of Football specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The protocol has improved in recent years along with an emphasis on player safety, but the increasing numbers of players with long-term effects of concussions show there is still work to be done. A concussion is defined as temporary unconsciousness caused by a blow to the head or a violent shock from a heavy blow. The force transmitted to the head causes the brain to hit the skull, which causes the brain to swell. The symptoms of a concussion can appear immediately after contact or they may subtle and may not appear right away. The symptoms of a concussion can vary in length. There are many different symptoms to a concussion: Common symptoms after a concussive traumatic brain injury are headache, loss of memory (amnesia) and confusion (Mayo). Other symptoms that may be involved with a concussion include loss of consciousness, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, slurred speech, and fatigue. There are also symptoms that may not occur immediately, but may be delayed hours or days after. These symptoms include difficulty concentrating, sensitivity to light, and sleep disturbances. An athlete should . .col to the NFL and they also use the stepwise progression. The progression can only start after a player has return to all baseline functioning and proper balance. A player has 5 days to complete the 6 step progression. The first two steps: Light aerobic exercise and intense aerobic exercise may be completed in the same day. The next step is football practice without head impact. They can then participate in non-contact drills with resistance training. If still no symptoms are shown, they can return to full-contact practice. They are ready to play after they have passed full-contact practice. If they show symptoms at any of the steps though, they must start from the beginning. High school and youth football have a similar stance for their concussion protocol. The steps are required to be completed and a doctor must clear the athlete before he is allowed to play again.

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart essays

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart essays Mozart was one of the greatest composers who ever lived, and yet, he did not realize financial success during his life. Today, that would be nearly impossible. Mozart's life was very different from the world of today. The general setting was quite opulent. He often performed in palaces and mansions of the rulers and wealthy and their homes were massive, with very formal and highly decorated room. The costumes were also quite opulent and much more formal than they are today. In fact, while Mozart himself seemed like a relatively normal man, who liked to have fun, his world was very different and very formal. Probably the biggest clue to the revolution from aristocracy to democracy was Mozart's inability to earn a living. In the beginning of "Amadeus," he was playing in an opulent palace for rich aristocrats. By the end of the film, he was writing operas for the "common" people that were far different from the formal music he played in drawing rooms. His opera was bawdy and raucous, and appealed to a wide variety of "lower-class" people who filled the theater. That was a big clue to what was going on in society, and why Mozart had trouble finding work. Mozart's employment was a source of frustration throughout his life. He could not find a reliable patron, and the people he served were difficult and bad-tempered. He often had to beg for money from friends, and so did his wife. There was not a "music business" then as there is today, and so his employment was always tenuous at best, even when he wrote wonderful music. Salieri was more standard, so he did not upset his employers, and he was more successful in his employment. However, he was not as talented as Mozart was, and he knew it, which is why he envied Mozart and his talent. Mozart's music was used throughout this film, which makes sense, as it was a film about him. However, it was also used to set the mood of what was happening. The opening was light and fun,...

TV Series Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

TV Series - Research Paper Example However, these days, there are various services that would allow that individual to watch any episodes they missed, including the DVR. The DVR allows individuals to record a program, which they can watch at a later time. The availability to services like Netflix, Hulu Plus and Amazon which provide similar features, also contribute to this lack of urgency. In a brief description, a television program is a segment of content intended for broadcast on television; the United States uses an audience measurement system developed by the Nielsen Company, in an effort to determine the size of the audience and the arrangement of television programming. This decline in television ratings affects the life span of the shows themselves. I always pondered the question of how a TV show makes money, and then I read an article about TV Commercials which are a span of television programming produced and paid for by an organization, which conveys a message, usually to advertise a product or service. From what I understood companies look at TV ratings to see if they have something to gain from advertising within the specific TV program. This research is worth a lot of money. Advertising companies pay to air their advertisements on TV programs using the information interpreted from Nielsens figures. Network executives also use Nielsens figures to see if scheduling decisions are paying off or not. Just because a show has millions of viewers don’t always mean that it is successful, it may make it popular to certain crowds but in order to be a financial success it needs to be above the network average and stable. Thats why some shows with a steadfast fan base still get canceled (How TV ratings work). In 2011 Comcast, the No. 1 cable company has launched their on-demand podium Xfinity TV on Demand, in an effort to compete against DirecTV and Netflix making Comcast the only pay TV provider to offer recent episodes from existing shows from all the

Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Finance - Essay Example Although, it is practically not possible to control some forces that operate outside a business, such as availability of the capital and the world economic conditions, management need to inspire and guide internal operations in helping ensure a secure competitive position within the marketplace. Moreover, both innovation and adaptability are essential in helping gain market share, and stay profitable in the event of fluctuating economic climates (Hill & Westbrook, 1997). Research show that for a business to remain being competitive in the market, it has to always impress innovative services and products, a market plan and a fair pricing (Hill & Westbrook, 1997). In meeting the high standards, there is need for an operation efficient to be implemented as it helps in keeping the price competitive. For a well-run business, a shared goal is often incorporated with a view to inspire a spirit of co-operation among its departments (Humphrey, 2005). In challenging times, dynamic leadership i s crucial for maintaining a profitable business. Excellent performance is credited to increased productivity to the main company. Increased or impressive productivity is the central core of many companies (Menon, et al. 1999). Therefore, the increase in the profitability capacities of a company is placed amongst the central targets of any company (Menon, et al. 1999). In the case of Berksire Threaded Fasteners Company, its profitability is challenged by several factors, amongst them internal policies and external market factors, amongst others. In this paper, an analysis of the impact that can be aroused upon deployment of various actions will be investigated. Body For a situation where the company could have dropped the 300 series as of January 1, 2000, there is an effect that action would have on the profit for the first six months of 2000. In this case, it is noted that consumers often expect value (Armstrong. 1996). These consumers demand an effective customer service given that they are accessible to data alongside product information. Given the internet services, it is possible to make comparison of features and prices. This helps consumer forces companies to change into transparent market machines. The profitability potential accorded to 300 series surpasses the potential exhibited by the other three products. This reflects on the aspects such as the cost of production, as well as the after production expense. Focusing on the initial, 300 series is the most economical in production. This reflects on both the input and the labor cost. The comparison from this dimension indicates that 300 series is the least expensive of the three. While evaluating on a summative angle, the cost of production associated to the three products amounts to $ 3433. A further analysis of this figure indicates that 300 series only accounts for approximately 26 percent, while the other two presumes the rest. 100 series has the highest share with about 40 percent. The only differe nce in terms of production of the products is the rent cost for 300 series. Over this regard, several aspects of the production line can be isolated. Amongst them is the productivity of the line, as well as the possible future dynamics. This is based on a possibility of equity in the production numbers (Armstrong,

Effects of Air Pollution and Proposed Solutions

Effects of Air Pollution and Proposed Solutions With the rapid development and urbanization in Hong Kong, the air quality deteriorated due to a great amount of air pollutants released into the atmosphere, and contributing to the greenhouse effect as well as worsening global warming. This essay is divided into two parts, the first part is briefly talk about the negative effects caused by serious air pollution in terms of sustainable development, and the second part is a detailed discussion of the suggested solutions. The effects caused by air pollution can be discussed in terms of sustainable development with three aspects which are inter-related, inter-dependence and equally balanced, and these aspects are environmental, social and economic aspects. In terms of the environmental aspect, the worsening air quality will fasten the greenhouse effect with a rise in temperature and contributing to global warming. In terms of the social aspect, â€Å"the World Health Organization estimates that every year, 2.4 million people die from causes associated with air pollution† (Sierra-Vargas Teran,2012, p.1031). It shows how air pollution causing health impacts on human. The worsening air quality increases the risk of having â€Å"respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, or cancers† (Deguen et al. 2012), and according to Sierra-Vargas and Teran (2012), people who are active outdoors, people with diseases and elderly are at higher health risk. These pollution-related illnesses are affecting the quality of life because these illnesses not only shortened the life expectancy and caused the psychological stress, but also increased the expenditure on health care. Therefore, serious air pollution causing pollution-related health impacts in the social aspect and increasing the expenditure on health care in the economic aspect. Apart from the social aspect, the poor air quality with low visibility and high concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere also produce negative impacts in the economic aspect. Deteriorating air quality affects local tourism industry and the foreign investment. According to Law and Cheung (2007), the tourism industry in Hong Kong has recently threatened by the deteriorating air quality, regarding to the huge economic contribution from the tourism industry, poor air quality may reduce the willingness of tourists to travel in Hong Kong. Besides, some foreign investments are retreated and some professionals refuse to work in Hong Kong because of the poor working environment with worsening air quality. All these economic impacts will weaken the competitiveness of Hong Kong and resulting in unexpected economic losses which in turns suffered by the whole society. From the examples mentioned above on the impacts in three specific categories, we can notice that air pollution caused adverse impacts at both individual and social levels. Therefore, â€Å"[i]n order to protect the air quality from deteriorating further, more efforts should be made by the government, as well as by society to make Hong Kong a clean and safe place to travel and to live† (Law and Cheung, 2007, p.398). Both the HKSAR government and the public should be responsible for the improvement works on air pollution, such as a strong pertinence policy together with active public participation. The most important and effective long-term air improvement policy should be the adoption of sustainable development approach with an equal balance between the environmental conservation and the economic development. Hong Kong is a well-known financial-based metropolis around the world. Therefore, the government mainly puts emphasis on the economic development, but neglected the importance of environmental conservation, in other words, the government weighted the economic development over the environmental conservation, and thus resulting in environmental destructions during the process of economic development in Hong Kong. However, it is hard to make equal balance between the economic development and the environmental conservation, and the co-existence of both aspects may be in a low possibility, because one aspect has to make scarification when the other one exists. For examples, lands for economic development propose generate a great amount of dust particulates during construction and resulting in poor air quality with low visibility. Simultaneously, the air quality improvement policies for environmental conservation purpose spend a huge amount of government expenditure. But, regarding to the serious problem of air pollution in Hong Kong and the related distinct negative outcomes caused, environmental conservation should be given the first priority and economic development should come the second. The second possible solution is urban greening. Vegetation plays an important role in air purification because plants can absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen through photosynthesis. In order to improve the air quality, the government should carry out urban greening to increase the green areas through proper city planning in the urban areas, especially in the inner cities and heavy traffic areas, such as MongKok, Wan chai, Causeway Bay and Tsim Sha Tsui. However, limited spaces with densely distributed pattern of skyscrapers in the urban areas create hurdles on urban greening and the use of the valuable lands for growing vegetation in urban areas may trigger voices of disapproval. But, there are two possible ways of urban greening, the first solution, according to Sierra-Vargas Teran (2012), is making good use of rooftops for growing plants, the government can give economic incentives to the property owners for the encouragement of planting vegetation on rooftops. The second one is re-planning the existing parks with an enlarged percentage on the area of vegetation. These two solutions can make the best use of the available space resources that do not require extra space on the ground floor. Sources of pollutants in Hong Kong are mainly from power plants and vehicles, so strong pertinence policies on these two sources are needed. The first solution, according to Sierra-Vargas and Teran (2012), promoting the use of the landfill gases as one of the energy sources is a possible way to improve air quality with a fall in the amount of pollutants. Mexico is one of the successful places that converts â€Å"landfill gas into electricity and powers the light rail transit system and city street lighting at night† (Sierra-Vargas and Teran, 2012, p.1036). The Hong Kong government should study from the cases of Mexico and conduct a suitable plan based on the ideas observed. The alteration of landfill gases into useable energy can reduce the greenhouse gases being released into the air. Another solution is promoting the extensive use of renewable power instead of non-renewable power so as to change to a cleaner way for power generation, such solar power and wind power. However, there are two difficulties in using landfill gases and adoption of renewable power resources. The first hurdle is a great amount of government expenditure is required for the construction or installation of the specific power plants, like the regular maintenance of the power plants. Besides, the opposition from environmental protection groups may also rise because this power generation method is not classified as renewable power. If the opposition raise, it is better to take the second solution instead of both solutions in order to avoid social conflicts based on the problem mentioned. In terms of the vehicles, the government should work together with two bus companies to carry out the discussion about the expansion of the service area and increase the service provided to the public. The HKSAR government can use economic incentives or make investments to increase the operating capital of two bus companies. With better bus services provided, the willingness of people to take public transportation to school or to work will be increased and thus less energy is used and less pollutants are emitted into the atmosphere. Apart from the policies mentioned above, the active public participation on the reduction of air pollutants is very important and it should be made by every citizen, such as the using of public transportation instead of private cars and reduce the use of energy means less air pollutants are released by burning non-renewable power resources, such as coal. Also, citizen should actively participate in the consultation of the government policies launched for improving the air quality. Air pollution is a serious problem which created many negative impacts, and an effective comprehensive solution with a lengthy period for thorough and careful planning is needed for improving air quality. It is beneficial when better air quality can be found in Hong Kong. Although the problems of air pollution cannot be totally eliminated, the more efforts we pay resulting in a higher chance for us to make changes and improve the air quality. References Sierra-Vargas, M. P. Teran, L. M. (2012). Air pollution: Impact and prevention. Respirology, 17 1031-1038. Law, R. Cheung, C. (2007). Air quality in Hong Kong: A study of the perception of international visitors. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 15 (4), 390-401. Deguen, S., Sà ©gala, C., Pà ©drono, G. Mesbah, M. (2012). A new air quality perception scale for global assessment of air pollution health effects. Risk Analysis, 32 (12), 2043-2054.

The Vampire Diaries: Dark Reunion Chapter Twelve

Stefan heard a voice whisper, soft with pain, â€Å"Oh, no.† A voice that he'd never thought to hear again, that he would never forget. Ripples of chills poured over his skin, and he could feel a shaking start inside him. He turned toward the voice, his attention fixing instantly, his mind almost shutting down because it couldn't cope with so many sudden driving emotions at once. His eyes were blurred and could only discern a wash of radiance like a thousand candles. But it didn't matter. He could feel her there. The same presence he had sensed the very first day he'd come to Fell's Church, a golden white light that shone into his consciousness. Full of cool beauty and searing passion and vibrant life. Demanding that he move toward it, that he forget everything else. Elena. It was really Elena. Her presence pervaded him, filling him to his fingertips. All his hungry senses were fixed on that wash of luminance, searching for her. Needing her. Then she stepped out. She moved slowly, hesitantly. As if she could barely make herself do it. Stefan was caught in the same paralysis. Elena. He saw her every feature as if for the first time. The pale gold hair floating about her face and shoulders like a halo. The fair, flawless skin. The slender, supple body just now canted away from him, one hand raised in protest. â€Å"Stefan,† the whisper came, and it was her voice. Her voice saying his name. But there was such pain in it that he wanted to run to her, hold her, promise her that everything would be all right. â€Å"Stefan, please†¦ I can't†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He could see her eyes now. The dark blue of lapis lazuli, flecked in this light with gold. Wide with pain and wet with unshed tears. It shredded his guts. â€Å"You don't want to see me?† His voice was dry as dust. â€Å"I don't want you to see me. Oh, Stefan, he can make anything happen. And he'll find us. He'll come here†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Relief and aching joy flooded through Stefan. He could scarcely concentrate on her words, and it didn't matter. The way she said his name was enough. That â€Å"Oh, Stefan† told him everything he cared about. He moved toward her quietly, his own hand coming up to reach for hers. He saw the protesting shake of her head, saw that her lips were parted with her quickening breath. Up close, her skin had an inner glow, like a flame shining through translucent candle wax. Droplets of wetness were caught on her eyelashes like diamonds. Although she kept shaking her head, kept protesting, she did not move her hand away. Not even when his outspread fingers touched it, pressing against her cool fingertips as if they were on opposite sides of a pane of glass. He couldn't think. His heart was threatening to come through his chest. Nothing mattered except that she was here, that they were here together. He didn't notice the strange surroundings, didn't care who might be watching. Slowly, so slowly, he closed his hand around hers, intertwining their fingers, the way they were meant to be. His other hand lifted to her face. Her eyes closed at the touch, her cheek leaning into it. He felt the moisture on his fingers and a laugh caught in his throat. Dream tears. But they were real, she was real. Elena. Sweetness pierced him. A pleasure so sharp it was a pain, just to stroke the tears away from her face with his thumb. All the frustrated tenderness of the last six months, all the emotion he'd kept locked in his heart that long, came cascading out, submerging him. Drowning both of them. It took such a little movement and then he was holding her. An angel in his arms, cool and thrilling with life and beauty. A being of flame and air. She shivered in his embrace; then, eyes still shut, put up her lips. There was nothing cool about the kiss. It struck sparks from Stefan's nerves, melting and dissolving everything around it. He felt his control unraveling, the control he'd worked so hard to preserve since he'd lost her. Everything inside him was being jarred loose, all knots untied, all floodgates opened. He could feel his own tears as he held her to him, trying to fuse them into one flesh, one body. So that nothing could ever separate them again. They were both crying without breaking the kiss. Elena's slender arms were around his neck now, every inch of her fitting to him as if she had never belonged anywhere else. He could taste the salt of her tears on his lips and it drenched him with sweetness. He knew, vaguely, that there was something else he should be thinking about. But the first electric touch of her cool skin had driven reason from his mind. They were in the center of a whirlwind of fire; the universe could explode or crumble or burn to ashes for all he cared, as long as he could keep her safe. But Elena was trembling. Not just from emotion, from the intensity that was making him dizzy and drunk with pleasure. From fear. He could feel it in her mind and he wanted to protect her, to shield her and to cherish her and to kill anything that dared frighten her. With something like a snarl he raised his face to look around. â€Å"What is it?† he said, hearing the predator's rasp in his own voice. â€Å"Anything that tries to hurt you-â€Å" â€Å"Ask me anything else and I'll do it,† Stefan said. The killer would have to shred him nerve from nerve, muscle from muscle, cell from cell to make him leave her. â€Å"Stefan, it's only a dream,† Elena said desperately, new tears falling. â€Å"We can't really touch, we can't be together. It's not allowed.† Stefan didn't care. It didn't seem like a dream. It felt real. And even in a dream he was not going to give up Elena, not for anyone. No force in heaven or hell could make him†¦ â€Å"Wrong, sport. Surprise!† said a new voice, a voice Stefan had never heard. He recognized it instinctively, though, as the voice of a killer. A hunter among hunters. And when he turned, he remembered what Vickie, poor Vickie, had said. He looks like the devil. If the devil was handsome and blond. He wore a threadbare raincoat, as Vickie had described. Dirty and tattered. He looked like any street person from any big city, except that he was so tall and his eyes were so clear and penetrating. Electric blue, like razor-frosted sky. His hair was almost white, standing straight up as if blown by a blast of chilly wind. His wide smile made Stefan feel sick. â€Å"Salvatore, I presume,† he said, scraping a bow. â€Å"And of course the beautiful Elena. The beautiful dead Elena. Come to join her, Stefan? You two were just meant to be together.† He looked young, older than Stefan, but still young. He wasn't. â€Å"Stefan, leave now,† Elena whispered. â€Å"He can't hurt me, but you're different. He can make something happen that will follow you out of the dream.† Stefan's arm stayed locked around her. â€Å"Bravo!† the man in the raincoat applauded, looking around as if to encourage an invisible audience. He staggered slightly, and if he'd been human, Stefan would have thought he was drunk. â€Å"Stefan, please,† Elena whispered. â€Å"It would be rude to leave before we've even been properly introduced,† the blond man said. Hands in coat pockets, he strode a step or two closer. â€Å"Don't you want to know who I am?† Elena shook her head, not in negation but in defeat, and dropped it to Stefan's shoulder. He cupped a hand around her hair, wanting to shield every part of her from this madman. â€Å"I want to know,† he said, looking at the blond man over her head. â€Å"How long?† said Stefan, unimpressed. â€Å"A long time†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The blond man's gaze turned dreamy, as if looking back over the years. â€Å"I was tearing pretty white throats when your ancestors were building the Colosseum. I killed with Alexander's army. I fought in the Trojan War. I'm old, Salvatore. I'm one of the Originals. In my earliest memories I carried a bronze ax.† Slowly, Stefan nodded. He'd heard of the Old Ones. They were whispered about among vampires, but no one Stefan had ever known had actually met one. Every vampire was made by another vampire, changed by the exchange of blood. But somewhere, back in time, had been the Originals, the ones who hadn't been made. They were where the line of continuity stopped. No one knew how they'd gotten to be vampires themselves. But their Powers were legendary. â€Å"I helped bring the Roman Empire down,† the blond man continued dreamily. â€Å"They called us barbarians-they just didn't understand! War, Salvatore! There's nothing like it. Europe was exciting then. I decided to stick around the countryside and enjoy myself. Strange, you know, people never really seemed comfortable around me. They used to run or hold up crosses.† He shook his head. â€Å"But one woman came and asked my help. She was a maid in a baron's household, and her little mistress was sick. Dying, she said. She wanted me to do something about it. And so†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The smile returned and broadened, getting wider and impossibly wider, â€Å"I did. She was a pretty little thing.† Stefan had turned his body to hold Elena away from the blond man, and now, for a moment, he turned his head away too. He should have known, should have guessed. And so it all came back to him. Vickie's death, and Sue's, were ultimately to be laid at his door. He had started the chain of events that ended here. â€Å"Katherine,† he said, lifting his head to look at the man. â€Å"You're the vampire who changed Katherine.† â€Å"To save her life,† the blond man said, as if Stefan were stupid at learning a lesson. â€Å"Which your little sweetheart here took.† A name. Stefan was searching for a name in his mind, knowing that Katherine had told it to him, just as she must have described this man to him once. He could hear Katherine's words in his mind: I woke in the middle of the night and I saw the man that Gudren, my maid, had brought. I was frightened. His name was Klaus and I'd heard the people in the village say he was evil †¦ â€Å"Klaus,† the blond man said mildly, as if agreeing with something. â€Å"That was what she called me, anyway. She came back to me after two little Italian boys jilted her. She'd done everything for them, changed them into vampires, given them eternal life, but they were ungrateful and threw her out. Very strange.† â€Å"What was even stranger was that she never got over you, Salvatore. You especially. She was always drawing unflattering comparisons between us. I tried to beat some sense into her, but it never really worked. Maybe I should have just killed her myself, I don't know. But by then I'd gotten used to having her around. She never was the brightest. But she was good to look at, and she knew how to have fun. I showed her that, how to enjoy the killing. Eventually her brain turned a little, but so what? It wasn't her brains I was keeping her for.† There was no longer any vestige of love for Katherine in Stefan's heart, but he found he could still hate the man who had made her what she was in the end. â€Å"Me? Me, sport?† Klaus pointed to his own chest in unbelief. â€Å"You made Katherine into what she is right now, or rather your little girlfriend did. Right now, she's dust. Worm's meat. But your sweetie is just slightly beyond my reach at present. Vibrating on a higher plane, isn't that what the mystics say, Elena? Why don't you vibrate down here with the rest of us?† â€Å"If only I could,† whispered Elena, lifting her head and looking at him with hatred. â€Å"Oh, well. Meanwhile I've got your friends. Sue was such a sweet girl, I hear.† He licked his lips. â€Å"And Vickie was delectable. Delicate but full bodied, with a nice bouquet. More like a nineteen-year-old than seventeen.† Stefan lunged one step forward, but Elena caught him. â€Å"Stefan, don't! This is his territory, and his mental powers are stronger than ours. He controls it.† â€Å"Precisely. This is my territory. Unreality.† Klaus grinned his staring psychotic grin again. â€Å"Where your wildest nightmares come true, free of charge. For instance,† he said, looking at Stefan, â€Å"how'd you like to see what your sweetheart really looks like right now? Without her makeup?† Elena made a soft sound, almost a moan. Stefan held her tighter. â€Å"It's been how long since she died? About six months? Do you know what happens to a body once it's been in the ground six months?† Klaus licked his lips again, like a dog. Now Stefan understood. Elena shivered, head bent, and tried to move away from him, but he locked his arms around her. â€Å"It's all right,† he said to her softly. And to Klaus: â€Å"You're forgetting yourself. I'm not a human who jumps at shadows and the sight of blood. I know about death, Klaus. It doesn't frighten me.† â€Å"No, but does it thrill you?† Klaus's voice dropped, low, intoxicating. â€Å"Isn't it exciting, the stench, the rot, the fluids of decomposing flesh? Isn't it a kick?† â€Å"Stefan, let me go. Please.† Elena was shaking, pushing at him with her hands, all the time keeping her head twisted away so he couldn't see her face. Her voice sounded close to tears. â€Å"Please.† â€Å"The only Power you have here is the power of illusion,† Stefan said to Klaus. He held Elena to him, cheek pressed to her hair. He could feel the changes in the body he embraced. The hair under his cheek seemed to coarsen and Elena's form to shrink on itself. â€Å"Stefan, I don't want you to look at me-â€Å" Eyes on Klaus, Stefan gently pushed the coarsened white hair away and stroked the side of Elena's face, ignoring the roughness against his fingertips. â€Å"But of course most of the time it just decomposes. What a way to go. You lose everything, skin, flesh, muscles, internal organs-all back into the ground†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The body in Stefan's arms was dwindling. He shut his eyes and held tighter, hatred for Klaus burning inside him. An illusion, it was all an illusion†¦ â€Å"Stefan†¦Ã¢â‚¬  It was a dry whisper, faint as the scratch of paper blown down a sidewalk. It hung on the air a minute and then vanished, and Stefan found himself holding a pile of bones. â€Å"And finally it ends up like that, in over two hundred separate, easy-to-assemble pieces. Comes with its own handy-dandy carrying case†¦Ã¢â‚¬  On the far side of the circle of light there was a creaking sound. The white coffin there was opening by itself, the lid lifting. â€Å"Why don't you do the honors, Salvatore? Go put Elena where she belongs.† Stefan had dropped to his knees, shaking, looking at the slender white bones in his hands. It was all an illusion-Klaus was merely controlling Bonnie's trance and showing Stefan what he wanted Stefan to see. He hadn't really hurt Elena, but the hot, protective fury inside Stefan wouldn't recognize that. Carefully, Stefan laid the fragile bones on the ground and touched them once, gently. Then he looked up at Klaus, lips curled with contempt. â€Å"That is not Elena,† he said. â€Å"Of course it is. I'd recognize her anywhere.† Klaus spread his hands and declaimed, † ‘I knew a woman, lovely in her bones†¦' â€Å" â€Å"No.† Sweat was beading on Stefan's forehead. He shut out Klaus's voice and concentrated, fists clenched, muscles cracking with effort. It was like pushing a boulder uphill, fighting Klaus's influence. But where they lay, the delicate bones began trembling, and a faint golden light shone around them. â€Å"‘A rag and a bone and a hank of hair†¦ the fool he called them his lady fair†¦ ‘ â€Å" The light was shimmering, dancing, linking the bones together. Warm and golden it folded about them, clothing them as they rose in the air. What stood there now was a featureless form of soft radiance. Sweat ran into Stefan's eyes and he felt as if his lungs would burst. † ‘Clay lies still, but blood's a rover†¦' â€Å" † ‘And the crack in the teacup opens a lane to the land of the dead . . .' â€Å" â€Å"No.† Dizziness swept over Stefan as he felt the last surge of Power sigh out of him. A breath lifted the figure's breast, and eyes blue as lapis lazuli opened. Elena smiled, and he felt the blaze of her love arc to meet him. â€Å"Stefan.† Her head was high, proud as any queen's. Stefan turned to Klaus, who had stopped speaking and was glaring mutely. â€Å"This,† Stefan said distinctly, â€Å"is Elena. Not whatever empty shell she's left behind in the ground. This is Elena, and nothing you do can ever touch her.† He held out his hand, and Elena took it and stepped to him. When they touched, he felt a jolt, and then felt her Powers flowing into him, sustaining him. They stood together, side by side, facing the blond man. Stefan had never felt as fiercely victorious in his life, or as strong. Klaus stared at them for perhaps twenty seconds and then went berserk. His face twisted in loathing. Stefan could feel waves of malignant Power battering against him and Elena, and he used all his strength to resist it. The maelstrom of dark fury was trying to tear them apart, howling through the room, destroying everything in its path. Candles snuffed out and flew into the air as if caught in a tornado. The dream was breaking up around them, shattering. Stefan clung to Elena's other hand. The wind blew her hair, whipping it around her face. â€Å"Stefan!† She was shouting, trying to make herself heard. Then he heard her voice in his mind. â€Å"Stefan, listen to me! There is one thing you can do to stop him. You need a victim, Stefan-find one of his victims. Only a victim will know-â€Å" The noise level was unbearable, as if the very fabric of space and time was tearing. Stefan felt Elena's hands ripped from his. With a cry of desperation, he reached out for her again, but he could feel nothing. He was already drained by the effort of fighting Klaus, and he couldn't hold on to consciousness. The darkness took him spinning down with it. Bonnie had seen everything. It was strange, but once she stepped aside to let Stefan go to Elena, she seemed to lose physical presence in the dream. It was as if she were no longer a player but the stage the action was being played upon. She could watch, but she couldn't do anything else. In the end, she'd been afraid. She wasn't strong enough to hold the dream together, and the whole thing finally exploded, throwing her out of the trance, back into Stefan's room. â€Å"Stefan? Are you okay?† He looked wildly around the room as if trying to find something. â€Å"Elena!† he said, and then he stopped, memory clearly returning. His face twisted. For one dreadful instant Bonnie thought he was going to cry, but he only shut his eyes and dropped his head into his hands. â€Å"Stefan?† â€Å"I lost her. I couldn't hold on.† â€Å"I know.† Bonnie watched him a moment, then, gathering her courage, knelt in front of him, touching his shoulders. â€Å"I'm sorry.† His head lifted abruptly, his green eyes dry but so dilated they looked black. His nostrils were flared, his lips drawn back from his teeth. â€Å"Klaus!† He spat the name as if it were a curse. â€Å"Did you see him?† â€Å"Yes,† Bonnie said, pulling back. She gulped, her stomach churning. â€Å"He's crazy, isn't he, Stefan?† â€Å"Yes.† Stefan got up. â€Å"And he must be stopped.† â€Å"But how?† Since seeing Klaus, Bonnie was more frightened than ever, more frightened and less confident. â€Å"What could stop him, Stefan? I've never felt anything like that Power.† â€Å"But didn't you-?† Stefan turned to her quickly. â€Å"Bonnie, didn't you hear what Elena said at the end?† â€Å"No. What do you mean? I couldn't hear anything; there was a slight hurricane going on at the time.† â€Å"Bonnie†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Stefan's eyes went distant with speculation and he spoke as if to himself. â€Å"That means that he probably didn't hear it either. So he doesn't know, and he won't try to stop us.† â€Å"From what? Stefan, what are you talking about?† â€Å"From finding a victim. Listen, Bonnie, Elena told me that if we can find a surviving victim of Klaus's, we can find a way to stop him.† Bonnie was in completely over her head. â€Å"But†¦ why?† â€Å"Because vampires and their donors-their prey-share minds briefly while the blood is being exchanged. Sometimes the donor can learn things about the vampire that way. Not always, but occasionally. That's what must have happened, and Elena knows it.† She expected Stefan to be deflated, but he wasn't. â€Å"A vampire,† he said simply. â€Å"A human Klaus made into a vampire would qualify as a victim. As long as they've exchanged blood, they've touched minds.† â€Å"Oh. Oh. So†¦ if we can find a vampire he's made†¦ but where?† â€Å"Maybe in Europe.† Stefan began to pace around the room, his eyes narrowed. â€Å"Klaus has a long history, and some of his vampires are bound to be there. I may have to go and look for one.† Bonnie was utterly dismayed. â€Å"But Stefan, you can't leave us. You can't!† Stefan stopped where he was, across the room, and stood very still. Then at last, he turned to face her. â€Å"I don't want to,† he said quietly. â€Å"And we'll try to think of another solution first-maybe we can get hold of Tyler again. I'll wait a week, until next Saturday. But I may have to leave, Bonnie. You know that as well as I do.† There was a long, long silence between them. Bonnie fought the heat in her eyes, determined to be grown up and mature. She wasn't a baby and she would prove that now, once and for all. She caught Stefan's gaze and slowly nodded.