Essay about Propaganda Used During War - 986 Words

Propaganda Used During War Propaganda was used to mobilise the minds of the nations towards war; Propaganda can be explained as telling lies to make people believe a certain thing. But the meaning is much broader then that, it can be a complete lie, but it can be the half-truth, or it could be the truth exaggerated. In basic terms it is making people believe something that they are not entirely told the truth about. Propaganda was used in 3 main types of ways in the First World War. It was used to keep up morale, this is when the truth maybe tampered with to make it seem Britain are being successful in this war, and to make it seem like they are winning. It was also used to create hatred and†¦show more content†¦Examples of Propaganda to keep up morale would be, Films these made to show that the British were winning, e.g. For the Empire, This showed that they were patriotic. This also supported the war effort because the title emphasises the patriotic side of the war. Even childrens games were being supportive of the war; playing cards were made to show patriotic pictures of British soldiers. Also a lot of childrens games were made to show that the Germans were cowards and treacherous, whereas the British Tommy was seen as brave modest and courageous and everything that the Germans were not. This was done because if they could brainwash the children then they would have soldiers in t he future All of these were selling well so propaganda was working in this department. Short cartoons like Bully Boy was made, this was a short cartoon to make fun of and ridicule the Kaiser (emperor). This would be making fun of the Germans and this would make a lighter side to the war so everyone isnt all serious, this would also create a small amount of hatred towards the Germans. There was another film called The Battle of the Somme, this was a film brought out to take advantage of the 3,000 cinemas across Britain. The film actually showed dead bodies and casualties from the actual battles. This film was very much aimed at creating hatred towards the enemyShow MoreRelatedComparison of Media Propaganda Used During the Two World Wars1715 Words   |  7 PagesWith this essay I will be comparing the way propaganda was used during the World Wars, what was their aim and target audiences and how they affected civilian and military moral and more importantly how art and poster design was used to properly influence and imprint ideas and morals to the viewers. 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Although many uses for propaganda in war one were availableRead MoreWorld War I Was Not Inevitable1681 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"World War I was not inevitable, as many historians say. It could have been avoided, and it was a diplomatically botched negotiation,† once said Richard Holbrooke, an American diplomat. Many people worldwide agree with Mr. Holbrooke, believing WWI to be a waste of human lives. Known for its ridiculous start, fueled by the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand, and its huge impact on numerous countries earned it the ti tle of the Great War. Though many people considered it pointless and as a war with manyRead MoreThe Great War : The Mobilization Of Women1596 Words   |  7 PagesTHE GREAT WAR: THE MOBILIZATION OF WOMEN In 1914 the Great War, later known as World War I, erupted throughout Europe. With isolationism’s strong hold on the American government, it was not until 1917 that the United States entered the war on the side of the Allies. 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A History Of Race Relations - 1856 Words

A History of Race Relations in the United States Navy Eric Tavares University of Northern Colorado Abstract Race relations in the United States Navy have had a long and rocky history. Although there is no denying progress has been made, especially in today’s Navy, it wasn’t always the case. Black sailors have honorably served in the American Revolution, however records by race weren’t then, and they continued to serve in the Navy up to this very day. (Williams, 2001) Since the American Revolution though, they have suffered from bigotry, segregation and outright racism from their white counterparts as well. This research paper is going to give a brief history of racism that black sailors suffered from the American†¦show more content†¦This is valuable to the academic community because these issues are not as known throughout the civilian world. Most people know about the civil rights era of the 60’s and the movements led by Dr. Martin Luther King and Malcom X; however, the Navy had its civil rights and equality issues as well, and it is not widely known and this research paper is going to shed some light on the subject. Review of Literature Race relations in the United States Navy have had a long and rocky history. This history includes many forms of bigotry and racism against minorities of all colors. It ranges from de jure segregation such as when military units were segregated prior to President Truman’s Executive Order 9981, which desegregated the Military to outright race riots such as what happened on the USS Kitty Hawk in 1972. While this research paper focuses on a historical review of how the Navy has handled racial relations, and how it has corrected and continues to this day to improve race relations. African Americans have a long and distinguished history of service in the United States Navy, such as manning gunboats during the American Revolution, to honorably serving during both World Wars, and they continue to serve today (Williams, 2001). However, during their time of service, black sailors have suffered the humiliations and injustices of segregation, bigotry, and institutionalized racism. Since the Civil War, African Americans were forced to serve in segregated units until

Radiology Management Styles and Motivation

Question: Discuss about the Radiology Management Styles and Motivation. Answer: Introduction The 7-Eleven Corporation is a leading privately held operator, licensor, and franchisors of convenience store. Since its inception in 1927, the company operates about 34,800 stores in more than 17 countries (Paul 2015). Uncle Johnny initiated the idea that saw the company offer the products needed by clients. This convenient store was an idea that was born out of Uncle Johnny and Joe C. Thompson. With the growth of customers appeal, the co-founders expanded the product line, and opened Totem, the convenient outlets (Paul 2015). By 1946, the company changed the name to 7-Eleven to reflect its extended working hours. In the 1950s, the convenient stores grew at unprecedented rate thus opening new stores across the country. In fact, it created a chain reaction and a drink revolution to meet the raising demands of customers. Primarily, the organization operates in Canada and the United States. With its headquarters in Dallas, Texas, the company runs a network of convenient stores. Interes tingly, since its establishment, the company has used license and franchise model to operate. The independent gasoline retailer different range of merchandises and various beverage and food products, beauty products, apparel, household products, health products, tobacco and alcohol products among others. Similarly, the organization further offers gaming card, music card, gift and phone cards. Despite its current financial strength, the company has faced criticism for being ruthless and exploitative to its workforce. It has incessantly rorted wages of workers (Ferguson, Danckrt, Toft 2015). The wage scandal contravenes the Fair Work Act as should be practiced in all the companies. although the government has set the minimum pay at $24, the company is offering its workers $10 per hour before tax. it emerged that workers in seventy-five percent of its stores are victims. The joint media investigation exposed the biggest corporate wage fraud at the company (Ferguson, Danckrt, Toft 2015). in fact, the employees also work for over 70 hours a week without the overtime payment considerations as explained by Ferguson and Danckert (2016a). Ferguson and Danckert (2016b) has also highlighted the scandal relating to the failure by the convenient store to pay state payroll tax (par. 1). The NSW and Victoria state government have opened investigations on the company and its franchisees. For instance, the issue over paying employees $5 per hour was the worst wage fraud scandal. Apart from underpaying the workers, the company is accused of failing to act on bullies. the bullying tactics has affected the firm because employees are intimidated and threatened. For example, Franchisee Helen Ren was compelled by the head office staff to sign termination contract (Ferguson Danckert 2016). Willacy (2016) also shared a video on how workers of the company were forced to payback wage in cash (par. 1). therefore, the organization seems to have contravened the state and commonwealth taxation laws. The falsification of the records of employees is also rampant in major convenient retailers across Australia. These actions expose unethical leadership culture that needs to be investigated and assessed. Ren Zhengfei and Leadership Style Zhengfei has turned Huawei into the leading for-profit organization. He represents the heroic leaders in the world who have responded to opportunities and changes in the market, economy, customers, and society. The CEO has designed effective strategies that had made the company a successful investment story. Since its inception in 1987, Huawei has battled for space in China (De Cremer Tao 2015b). the fighting spirit of the CEO made the company to resist negative influence that making it a true international Chinese company. By 2014, the companys revenue and profits were $46.515 billion and $4.29 billion respectively (De Cremer Tao 2015a). Given the Huaweis success, it is important to interrogate the driving force and philosophy of the management. The CEO has established a long-lasting blueprint to take the company to a higher level. The rotating leadership system embraced in the company that has seen leaders rotate after every six months has had a significant impact on the performance (Irving Longbotham 2007). Zhengfeis leadership is purpose-driven because he has been clear regarding the purpose of the organization. This has helped the customers to recognize their dreams. Zhengfei has thus made the companys natural mission by being good to customers thus connecting to the customers through communication. The figure below defines the leadership secret that has made Huawei succeed in the competitive business environment. The company also embraces an adaptive vision based on Zhengfeis translation of the purpose into vision. This has ensured the organization achieves a global status (De Cremer Tao 2015a). In fact, the CEO has incessantly designed strategies that have ensured the organization adapts to the challenging business environment. As part of the management process, the CEO has opted for an adaptive vision that never compromises on the values and purpose of Huawei. Zhengfei has the ability to reflect on the past successes in identifying the future challenges. This has made him an impactful leader. Zhengfei has simplified management and created a condition that allows the firm to incorporate the creative chaos into the management model. Zhengfei is an inspirational business leader that has made him inspire workers. he is an aerator who uses stories to encourage others. he used his leadership ability to mentor and lead employees in achieving the organizational goals. in the Chinese context, leadership is founded on a hierarchical top-down management system (De Cremer Tao, 2015a, par. 9). However, Zhengfei has opted for a directive management style because he enjoys the ability to make all the decision. Indeed, the Huawei is a controlling leader because of his army background, where he served as a member of the Peoples Liberation Army. Zhengfei retains the authority on various decisions such as culture building and corporate development strategies. Interestingly, he has empowered his employees relating to manager appointment, RD, benefit and compensation allocation. This has allowed the managers to be creative and active. Zhengfei uses a standardized institutional decision-making model because the collective decision-making establishes an opportunity for collective wisdom and fewer mistakes. The CEO has created a culture that allows winning by cooperating (De Cremer Tao 2015a). Jack Ma and Management Style Alibaba is one of the online companies that has improved and implemented management systems based on different styles that fit different companies worldwide. The online company founded by Jack Ma embraces the autocratic management styles that have made its workers more responsive because of the nature of work (Pyne 2016). Indisputably, the concept of authoritarian leadership denies employees their freedoms, in particular, during decision-making process. McGregor (2014) affirms that Jack Ma changed his leadership style by adopting a conducive management approach. The move has helped him build a strongly loyal and motivated workforce. According to Ee and Yazdanifard (2015), Jack Ma has mastered the persuasive leadership model throughout his career at Alibaba. The richest Chinese investor, Jack Ma (Ma Yun) founded this internet-based company as a business of convention. For instances, it only connects businesses thus acting as a marketplace (Li 2008). The significance of this business i s founded on the quality suppliers with trustworthy ratings. Alibaba has remained successful because of the autocratic management model. To the founder, this important management system has enabled it to remain relevant and successful in the market. Previously, the founder, Jack Ma made various experiments various management styles before settling on the autocratic model (Ee, Yazdanifard 2015). Jack Ma recognizes the challenges many managers experience due to inflexibility. According to McCleskey (2014), an autocratic management style allows the leaders to reach unilateral decisions without consider the input of other stakeholders. Therefore, the decisions made reflect the personality and opinions of the leader (Hsu 2013). However, as the organization expanded, the company attracted experts who brought new ideas. The founder had to accommodate them by introducing a conducive management style. Jack Ma knew that the inputs of the experts would be relevant if the management was open to them. To this effect, Jack Ma created an environment that al lowed teamwork to thrive (Gough 2014). Nonetheless, the conducive management was also dictatorial because the executive decisions were made after considering the interests of workers as explained by Willacy (2016). The dictatorial and autocratic management models reduce employees to spectators. In fact, they depend on the leaders or managers for everything (Prez-Cerezo 2013). However, Jack Ma recognized the need to change the management style to meet the anticipated outcome. He later embraced persuasive management style that he has embraced in his career at the company (Li 2008). For example, after the company started operating on a global scale and it required foreign partners. At some point, Jack Ma demonstrated democratic management style as reported by Shearer (2012). It emerged that Jack Ma understood the significance of power and democracy and how the mix can bring positive results. With the democratic management style, the leaders allow workers to make decisions based on the majority rule. This leadership style has enhanced the decision-making in a complex situation were specialist skills are required as explained by Sin-Kwok (2010). Jack Ma has helped the company to make relevant decisions that are relevant to the business environment. Unlike other companies, the mix of this leadership style has made Alibaba relevant (Solomon 2014). The walking around management style seems to make the managers visible (Steadman 2013). Jack Ma Managing by Walking Around has never bred laziness but remained around. Steadman (2013) argued that Jack Ma led by example because he was a proactive listener. In most cases, the managers using this style gathered enough information relating to challenging environment thus avoids problems. Therefore, listening to employees is essential in addressing the concerns because there is a formal communication channels as defined by Watling (2014). Schepp, Schepp and ebrary (2010) explained that Alibaba has achieved its incredible success because of the management team that embraces different managerial styles. The situational leadership has produced results by enhancing its global penetration. Relating the Leadership Style in 7-Eleven 7-Eleven company has mastered the act of autocratic leadership model. At the company, nobody questions the decisions of the managers. In Huawei, the situation is different because Zhengfei has given room for positive criticism that makes him a better manager. According to Benfari (2013), the most dominant leadership styles evident today are laissez-faire, democratic, and autocratic styles. Indisputably, the company in question uses autocratic leadership style. In any organization, there exist three management levels including top, middle, and low level managers. The top management takes the responsibility for the business and planning functions. The middle cadre managers are involved in organizing, planning, and implementing the guidelines provided by the managers (Amanchukwu, Stanley, Ololube 2015). The lower management controls, directs, and supervise employees. Based on the companys philosophy and mission, it embraces a servant leadership approach. The company has recognized the values of teamwork, recognition, and accountability as it invests in the service-oriented culture (Paul 2015). Indisputably, sharing leadership is an effective practice because companies must use teams to accomplish their important tasks. With the competition the 7-Eleven experiences, it is high time to make employees work as teams. Team performance and company performance are in tandem because an organization can only achieve high performance based on the strength of its teams. The team members and individuals have to adapt to the market dynamics and demands to remain relevant. In a fast-paced business environment, Paul (2015) affirms that a leader should acknowledge the skills and knowledge of every employee. To this effect, teams have to learn to remain effective so that they can make diverse contributions. Like Huawei, 7-Eleven requires an effective leadership who embraces teamwork. The employees have to assume various leadership functions and duties in their field of specialization (Graca 2015). The move allows the organization and the team to accomplish their demands and tasks successfully. Shared leadership has enhanced the accomplishment of highly complex duties needing specialized skills and knowledge. Nobody can be the master of everything. To this effect, the input of others would benefit the organization (Erkitlu 2012). This leadership style also encourages creativity and encourages workers to produce alternative ideas. Recommendations Team leadership is becoming the best model in the modern business environment. It allows the managers to use cross-functional and dispersed styles to influence their decisions. 7-Elevens junior leaders must understand that a single person can never make a difference without the input of others (Zakkour 2014). They need to use situational leadership approach to respond to the dynamic market environment. According to Avolio, Walumbwa and Weber (2009), an interactive leadership model ensures the manager predicts the organizational behaviour. This is what will make the company great because it embraces team leadership. The interactional leadership has helped companies to embrace their workers and treat them as internal customers. Based on the companys vision of Be the Best Retailer of Convenience, the organization has failed to meet this vision (CSNews Staff 2014). It has mistreated its internal customers. The organization needs to avoid using the top-down leadership approach in handling the managerial duties. With the changes experienced today, the convenient store should move fast and develop the best culture that embraces workforce input. The leadership must accept these changes and allow workers to work in a good environment. By creating the team culture and adopting a structure that implements delegation, or establishing a horizontal organizational structure, it would be prudent for the firm to avoid issues with employees. Conclusion 7-eleven requires proper strategies to redeem its image relating to the leadership ethics. The company has been blamed for engaging in underhand dealings such as mistreating workers. Despite the companys mission of serving clients with quality services, the organization has failed in this mandate. Recently the company has been blamed of violating the Fair Work Act 2009 by paying its employees as low as $5 dollars per hour. This unacceptable practice taints the companys image. The company has also violated the taxation laws in different countries that have exposed it to various legal battles. Based on this article, it is evident that the convenient store should adopt the best leadership approaches to redeem its image. For instance, Alibaba and Huawei have employed successful management culture to succeed in their respective industries. Despite the companys focus on servant leadership, its managers, especially the lower managers have used autocratic leadership where managers are never questioned by the subordinates. Reference Amanchukwu, R.N., Stanley, G.J., Ololube, N.P. (2015) A review of leadership theories: principles and styles and their relevance to educational management. Management, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 6-14. Avolio, B. J., Walumbwa, F. O., Weber, T. J. (2009) Leadership: current theories, research, and future directions. Annual Review of Psychology, vol. 60, pp. 421-449. Benfari, R. (2013) Understanding and changing your management style: Assessments and tools for self-development, 2nd Edition. Jossey-Bass, San Francisco. CSNews Staff. (2014) 7-Elevens journey to change. CSNews, February 25. 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The Korean War Essay Thesis Example For Students

The Korean War Essay Thesis The Korean War (1950-1953) The Korean War was the first war in which the United Nations played a major role in. It was also part of the cold war between the US and Soviet Union. One of the deadliest war in history, it took many lives in such a short span of time of three years. Even after all these deaths, the conflict isnt completely resolved in Korea. There are still American troops stationed in South Korea, in case the Communists decide to take aggressive action. In WW II, Japan had gained control in Korea. At the end, when Japan was defeated by the Allies, the US and Soviet forces moved in Korea . Korea was divided to serve as the purpose to move the Japanese troops out. The line which was at the 38th parallel divided the country in about half. The Soviet forces were responsible for the north and the US for the south part of Korea. Later, this partition was made permanent. In 1947, the UN declared for elections to be held in all of Korea to decide one government for the country. However, North Korea refused to take part in the elections and didnt allow it. So on May 10, 1948, South Korea voted for a national assembly which set up the Republic of Korea. On September 9, North Korea set up the Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea. North and South Korea claimed the whole country and their troops fought several times between 1948-1950. The US removed its troops from South Korea in 1949. It also said that Korea was outside of US defense line. North Korea saw its chance for military action to take over South Korea. In June 1950, North Korea surprised South Korea with an attack. At the time, the North Korean Army had 135,000 soldiers, most of them veterans of WW II. It also had airplanes, tanks, and artillery that outnumbered South Korea by three to one. On the other hand, South Korea had 65,000 combat troops who had small arms and light artillery. On the day the war began, the UN Security Council issued a resolution demanding the Communist retreat back to the 38th parallel. The Soviet Union was a permanent member of the Security Council. However, it didnt go to the meeting because it had been boycotting the Council meetings. This was because the Council was denying the Communist Chinese government. If the Soviet Union had been there, it could have voted against the resolution or deliver a veto. North Korea chose to disregard the resolution. On June 27, North Korean troops reached South Koreas capital, Seoul. Seoul fell in four days. In the US, President Truman and the UN took action to stop North Korea from advancing. President Truman, going by his containment policy, sent US air and naval forces to help South Korea. The UN also asked its members to help South Korea. On June 30, Truman ordered the first ground troops to go to South Korea. General Douglas Macarthur was the commander of the ground forces. Congress supported Truman but didnt officially declare war on North Korea. Other troops from UN nations began soon after the US. Part of the US army on July 1, came from Japan to southern-most Korea at Pusan. Soon, these troops very moving close to south of Seoul. The first fight that took place between the US and North Korea was at Osan, south of Seoul. North Korea had already surpassed Seoul. On July 7, Truman named General MacArthur the commander of UN Commands. He had control over all of the forces in South Korea. By August 2, the North Korean army had advanced to the Pusan Perimeter. The Pusan Perimeter was on the southeast corner of South Korea. This was one of the many turning points in the war because the North Koreans lost nearly 58,000 people. The UN ground forces were led by General Walker who attacked the North Koreans with reserves. US planes helped out by destroying the enemy from above. On August 6, the North Koreans succeeded in crossing the river that stopped them from reaching Pusan. However, the UN forces counterattacked and pushed them back on .u7b9dc43acdba61ce3481f0e0693a25e5 , .u7b9dc43acdba61ce3481f0e0693a25e5 .postImageUrl , .u7b9dc43acdba61ce3481f0e0693a25e5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7b9dc43acdba61ce3481f0e0693a25e5 , .u7b9dc43acdba61ce3481f0e0693a25e5:hover , .u7b9dc43acdba61ce3481f0e0693a25e5:visited , .u7b9dc43acdba61ce3481f0e0693a25e5:active { border:0!important; } .u7b9dc43acdba61ce3481f0e0693a25e5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7b9dc43acdba61ce3481f0e0693a25e5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7b9dc43acdba61ce3481f0e0693a25e5:active , .u7b9dc43acdba61ce3481f0e0693a25e5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7b9dc43acdba61ce3481f0e0693a25e5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7b9dc43acdba61ce3481f0e0693a25e5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7b9dc43acdba61ce3481f0e0693a25e5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7b9dc43acdba61ce3481f0e0693a25e5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7b9dc43acdba61ce3481f0e0693a25e5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7b9dc43acdba61ce3481f0e0693a25e5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7b9dc43acdba61ce3481f0e0693a25e5 .u7b9dc43acdba61ce3481f0e0693a25e5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7b9dc43acdba61ce3481f0e0693a25e5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Guilt, Duty, And Unrequited Love Essay We will write a custom essay on The Korean War Thesis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now

Recent Tips about Writing a Nursing Research Paper

Recent Tips about Writing a Nursing Research Paper Whenever nursing students are expected to write a research paper, it is always advisable that they get the most recent tips about writing a nursing research paper. The tips are meant to assist students come up with the best quality possible as they do their research papers in nursing. The first step that students need to do is to select the topic that they feel suits their field in nursing. However, most nursing colleges ask lecturers to discuss he topics with the students since they know their capabilities in class. A lecturer will know which student can do a tough topic and which student will be challenged if assigned a certain topic to deal with. This makes it easier to come up with standard nursing research papers. However, in the case where the students are allowed to choose a topic of their own, they should ensure that they feel comfortable with it and that they will do their individual research without much strain. Topics can be difficult if the student does not search for relevant information and resources to populate the chapters. This implies that it is important that students research for as much content as possible so that the topic will be discussed as appropriate. Depending on the college and country that students study their nursing courses from. They should be careful to ensure that they follow all the formatting and research guidelines provided by their college. Due to the complexity of the nursing field, students should choose topics from health care, health management, psychiatry, hygiene and ethics among many others. This is an advantage to the students since they have many fields from where to choose a topic. For students to ensure that they find the research interesting, they should choose to research on something that they have always wanted to know more about. This way, they will find the research more of an exploration than an assignment. The students will have enough materials to discuss on. This way, they are assured of good grades and an enjoyable course. One fact that students should always bear in mind is that they need to conduct a comprehensive research on the topic of their choice. They should also research on the different topics that are available from the nursing field. It provides insight on the topics that are available hence making the entire research a simpler one to complete. They should also read different sources before settling down on a research topic. This extensive reading allows the students to get enough materials to help them develop the thesis statement. Research from the internet is good. However, students should get it from their lecturers and supervisors on the sources that are credible and those that are not academic. Feel free to get professional Nursing research paper help from academic writers at CustomWritings.com. Custom nursing research papers written from scratch.

A Timeline History of Mathematics

A Timeline History of Mathematics Mathematics is the science of numbers. To  be precise, the Merriam-Webster dictionary defines mathematics as: The science of numbers and their operations, interrelations, combinations, generalizations, abstractions and of space configurations and their structure, measurement, transformations  and generalizations. There  are several different branches of mathematical science, which include algebra, geometry and calculus. Mathematics is not an invention. Discoveries and laws of science are not considered inventions since inventions are material things and processes. However, there is a history of mathematics, a relationship between mathematics and inventions  and mathematical instruments themselves are considered inventions. According to  the book Mathematical Thought from Ancient to Modern Times, mathematics as an organized science did not exist until the classical Greek period from 600 to 300 B.C. There were, however, prior civilizations in which the beginnings or rudiments of mathematics were formed. For example, when civilization began to trade, a need to count was created. When humans traded goods, they needed a way to count the goods and to calculate the cost of those goods. The very first device for counting numbers was, of course, the human hand and fingers represented quantities. And to count beyond ten fingers, mankind used natural markers, rocks or shells. From that point, tools such as counting boards and the abacus were invented.   Heres a quick tally of important developments introduced throughout the ages, beginning from A to Z.   Abacus One of the first tools for counting invented, the abacus was invented around 1200 B.C. in China and was used in many ancient civilizations, including Persia and Egypt. Accounting The innovative Italians of the Renaissance (14th  through 16th century) are widely acknowledged to be the fathers of modern accounting. Algebra The first treatise on algebra was written by Diophantus of Alexandria in the 3rd century B.C. Algebra comes from the Arabic word al-jabr, an ancient medical term meaning the reunion of broken parts. Al-Khawarizmi is another early algebra scholar and was the first to teach the formal discipline. Archimedes Archimedes was a mathematician and inventor from ancient Greece  best known for his discovery of the relationship between the surface and volume of a sphere and its circumscribing cylinder for his formulation of a hydrostatic principle (Archimedes principle) and for inventing the Archimedes screw (a device for raising water). Differential Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716) was a German philosopher, mathematician and logician who is probably most well known for having invented differential and integral calculus. He did this independently of Sir Isaac Newton. Graph A graph is a pictorial representation of statistical data or of a functional relationship between variables. William Playfair (1759-1823) is generally viewed as the inventor of most graphical forms used to display data, including line plots, the bar chart, and the pie chart. Math Symbol In 1557, the sign was first used by Robert Record. In 1631, came the    sign. Pythagoreanism Pythagoreanism is a school of philosophy and a religious brotherhood believed to have been founded by Pythagoras of Samos, who settled in Croton in southern Italy about 525 B.C. The group had a profound effect on the development of mathematics. Protractor The simple protractor is an ancient device.  As an instrument used to construct and measure plane angles, the simple protractor looks like a semicircular disk marked with degrees, beginning with 0 º to 180 º. The first complex protractor was created for plotting the position of a boat on navigational charts. Called a three-arm protractor or station pointer, it was invented in 1801 by Joseph Huddart, a U.S. naval captain. The center  arm is fixed, while the outer two are rotatable and capable of being set at any angle relative to the center one. Slide Rulers Circular and rectangular slide rules, an instrument used for mathematical calculations, were both invented by mathematician William Oughtred. Zero Zero was invented by the Hindu mathematicians Aryabhata and Varamihara in India around or shortly after the year 520 A.D.

American Dream Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

American Dream - Essay Example The origins of Development of American dream can be traced back to WW2. At that time, the economy had been ripped off due to war and the ultimate objective of any American at that time was to secure a steady income along with an ownership of the house. This goal led to increased ethical values along with hardworking, honest and dedicated individuals. The ordinary focus at that time was on community system where people lived with families and were interconnected with each other. This was the primary source of pride and joy for the people. The nation prospered and wholesome value system developed over the period of time (Geela, 2004). In the 21st Century, the American dream has been commercialized and has become more of a marketing concept. The marketing agencies and politicians have been able to convince the people that having a second home, vacation at least once a month in Europe and then purchasing expensive jewelry and equipment is necessary in order to achieve a status in the society. This had led to development of unethical values in the society and destroyed the ongoing prosperity leaving a materialistic aspect in individuals. These values have been deep rooted in the society and are now becoming a major source of all evils in the society. Individuals have started believing that things can bring happiness and prosperity, rather than values. The example of Christmas holiday fits the best. Christmas has been diverted from family meals towards gifts and shopping. Consumerism is the need of the hour since it leads to increased spending patterns across the society, leading to debt perpetuity. The overall concep t have changed, and Americans have started believing that ones with the most wealth and assets live more as compared to the ones who have more happiness. This has led to borrowing of higher amount of debts more than one’s ability to payback. As a result, most of the Americans defaulted and were not able to payback which led to confiscation of their assets and belongings. These people are now depressed, jobless and homeless. This increased debt borrowing also leads to the collapse of the whole financial system. The Subprime mortgage in 2008 was purely based on this explanation. Mortgage brokers distributed the loans under the banner of American Dream and people with poor credit worthiness borrowed; they were not cross examined by the lending institutions. As a result, they were unable to payback which had a busting effect on real estate industry and collapse of major financial institutions which trickled down across the globe. The American Dream is more of a materialistic appr oach towards achieving success and joy in life rather than a positive approach. Innovation, determination, integrity, community, social and ethical values were the true spirits of American behavior which are now covered in a cloak of fraud, unethical practices, ignoring the family and promoting consumerism among the people (Luttwak, 2010). From the downfall of Enron to huge government deficits and escalating inflation, everything is destroyed due to severity of unethical behavior in government and companies. The educational system has been subjected to degradation and the family system has been broken down. The children are separated from their parents and then

Assignment on Nursing home Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Assignment on Nursing home - Essay Example Commonwealth Memory Care is the only facility that is associated with Memory Care in the Norfolk area and is wholly devoted to the care of those with Alzheimer’s, dementia and memory loss and situated conveniently close to three major medical campuses – Bayview Medical Center, Bon Secours De Paul Medical Center and Sentara Norfolk General Hospital, and many nearby medical offices. The interview with the administrator of the Commonwealth Memory Care at Norfolk was conducted at the at the same centre at Norfolk that is an assisted living community that offers Alzheimer’s care and is located in Norfolk, Virginia. The interviewee was Antonio Williams who serves as the administrator of the Commonwealth Memory Care at Norfolk where the people that are associated with the centre perceive him as a leader who has a practical approach to work and one who can be trusted. Antonio Williams has been described by the families of some of the clients that receive the services of this centre as on a person whose guidance had helped their spirits that were almost heartbroken to adopt a better attitude and made the families to have a chance to enjoy the time that they had with their relatives as dealing with this disease can be hard on the families (Haaf, 1997). He is a person that has special insight in the creation of an environment that is meant to be compassionate and understanding while being supportive of the residents who have to live with the Alzheimer’s disease and he has the ability to be compassionate with both the residents and their families encouraging them in words while always being a good role model to the staff by leading through examples. For the work that he does, Antonio was able to receive the highest honour for his work being the Diamond Award for Assisted Living Director of the Year that came from the Virginia Assisted Living Association which is normally meant to distinguish

Management and University Simmons Case Essay Example for Free

Management and University Simmons Case Essay In time of economic crisis, companies are looking for innovative methods to improve production and to meet the needs of a diverse workforce in order to improve or maintain the organization’s profit margin in a stress global economy. Indeed, companies are extremely concerned about their future, as well as, preventing closure of their establishment. SimmonsCompany is no exception. However, how does a major company make those changes when tradition is the foundation of their organization and the economic status of their company is in jeopardize of folding, if the right decision is not made? The need to allocation funds for the training and development of its and employees when major debts are owed to the company; thus, threatening bankruptcy is a problem facing Simmons Company. Accordingly, there is certainly a need to change the culture and structure of the organization, if it wants to survive a depressed economy, while other organizations are advancing. In so doing, the company is considering the Great Game of Life (GGOL) whose underlying purpose is to change the dynamics of an organization in order to achieve maximum satisfaction for both the customers and employees. If customers and employees are satisfied, they are loyal, cooperative and creative, thus creating a culture conducive to the workforce. In order to establish such an environment, it is necessary to empower its workers by changing the attitude of each individual employed by Simpson Company. The program will be used to improve morality and empower the lower level of the company in performing their respective jobs in order to improve the outcome of the company. Changes are often difficult to make and, are usually resisted from the top because control of the company is centralized. The result is a poor culture and dictatorial practices. Immediate changes are normally discouraged by those in control, but gradual changes are encouraged, if done overtime or gradually phased into the daily operation of the company. Management must recognize that if changes are not made, their position might be null and void for not doing so. The question is whether changing the culture of the organization is in its best interest? Indeed, some changes must be made considering the state of fair of the company. There are several outstanding debts owed to SimmonsCompany and the debtors are threatening bankruptcy. Additionally, a major supplier has caused havoc for the production department. The need to change the culture and the way it operates is more apparent than ever before. To stay the same, means eventual failure for the company. GGOL is a great opportunity to enhance or change its culture and improve its staff’s level of expectation through effective management in order to meet the needs of today’s demanding economy. As previously mentioned, the company is already experiencing a decline in its profits margin because of its accounts receivables from customers and their major supplier has an item in the form, emitting afoul odor, causing the company to compromise production schedules and posed a serious threat to its profit margin. It would certainly influence my decision to implement GGOL at Simmons. The video was both inspirational and informative. Since diversity is a major concern for most global companies, this is not the case with Simmons. That is, it was prevalent at Simmons, as well as, their enthusiasm in working with each other at the company and for the company. Their positive attitude resonated throughout the video. It is evident from the video that they work collectively and are eager to assist others in different department, when asked to do so. Coming to work seems second nature for them. They are able to share with the upper management areas of concerns and questions, and as such, not prohibited from doing so, which was not the case in the past. In short, they are empowered to take on task without being micro-managed. Now, it is a shared vision by the top, middle, and lower levels of the company with one mission in mind to do what is in the best interest of company. The company should use the top-down and bottom-up design in implementing the GGOL program. However, the company should employ a professional evaluation team to determine which plant should be the catalyst to receive the program. After selecting the plant, the program should start at the top level of the plant because they are responsible for the day-to-day operation of the plant and if they buy into the program other levels are more willing to accept it. The top-level can assist in delivering the GGOL program to the other employees. The next level should be the middle level because they are responsible for inspiring the workers to work collectively towards a common goal, i.e., what is in the best interest of the plant. Needless to say, these individual are very reluctant to change, but must be done gradual due to their commitment to the company, embedded old core values, and long history with the company. When the worker realizes that the change is positive, their outlook improves and this attitude has a snowball effect. That is, one worker at a time starts to embrace middle management’s vision for the company. Now, the workers are willing to trust middle manager because they are open for suggestions and are encouraging empowerment of workers, unlike the past, when the decision from the top was purely totalitarianism with no questions asked or else be fired. Finally, the workers should be the last to receive the program. The middle-level can introduce the program. In so doing, it encourages team work, which will ultimately change the culture of the plant. Changes are needed and welcomed, if it benefits both the employer and employees. If this company continues to operate in a vacuum, the destiny of the company is almost sudden death with uncollectible debts arising and plant processing being restricted because of the foul odor. Emotions were running high, each level of the organization realizing the potential of closure of the company, if it did not change the culture of the organization. The old way of handling concerns and questions is pseudo at best. The company would continue to experience apathy at the workplace. Thus, the $7 million dollar investment for the training and development of personnel is an extremely prudent investment for the company. References Kotter, J. P. (1994). Leading Changes. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press. Leading Change at Simmons (A)http://gcumedia.com/digital-resources/harvard-business-school-press/2007/change-at-simmons-part-a_1e.php Leading Change at Simmons (B)http://gcumedia.com/digital-resources/harvard-business-school-press/2007/change-at-simmons-part-b_1e.php

Essay on Villains in Much Ado About Nothing and Othello -- comparison

Comparing the Villains in Much Ado About Nothing and Othello    The two villains in Much Ado About Nothing and Othello share much in common, despite their numerous differences. It is evident that Shakespeare framed the second piece of literature to be similar to the first. Although shorter, the plot of   â€Å"Othello† is definitely more complex. The villains play a major part in the novels, and are very much alike in their line of thinking.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The comedy, â€Å"Much Ado About Nothing† depicts the story of a group of high-ranking soldiers who travel through a town called Messina. They had been to the town before, and this time Claudio confesses his love for the governor’s daughter, Hero. Because Leonato is so fond of Claudio, the wedding is set to be a few days away. This gives Don John, Claudio’s bastard brother, a chance to show his true hatred for Claudio. He comes up with a scheme to make Claudio think that Hero is cheating by dressing Margaret in her clothing and perching her near the window with another man. When Claudio sees this, he says that he will humiliate Hero instead of marrying her.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The next day Claudio does exactly as he had said, degrading Hero in front of all her family and friends. Because she did not cheat on him, she did not expect that kind of reaction. She is so dejected that she faints, and everyone assumes she is dead. Eventually Borrachio is overheard talking about Don John’s plan, and Don John is arrested. Later Claudio learns that Hero is not actually dead, and they are finally married.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"Othello†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢... ...io merely humiliated Hero. Iago seeks revenge on Othello for two reasons: he suspects Othello slept with Emilia, and he also despises Othello for choosing Cassio as lieutenant instead of him. One final and resounding difference between Don John and Iago has to do with the past of each character. Shakespeare portrays Iago as an intelligent and sometimes caring character until Othello supposedly wrongs him. On the other hand, Don John has more of an evil aura about him, and shows his hatred for Claudio right from the start.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Overall, the characters of Don John and Iago are very similar, although the latter is much more intelligent and complex. These two men are what draw the reader’s attention to the novel, and share so much in common that the two seemingly unrelated works are read in tandem constantly.

Service Package of Village Volvo

The Village Volvo service package is a quality repair service for out-of-warranty Volvos at a reasonable price and its operation is designed to be of a custom car care service. Specific times weekly are specifically set for drivers to who wants to have routine quick check-up services such as tune-ups and oil changes while clients are encouraged to have scheduled appointments for diagnosis and repair of specific problems. Mechanic will discuss problems that they have noticed in the clients’ car and occasionally take a short test drive with clients for better understanding of the area of concern. Village Volvo service package maintains a continuing file on each vehicles it services which provides a convenient record for any vehicle that is returned on warranty after service which also in a way reminds clients of the next scheduled appointment. Owners will be consulted before any work other than the agreed-job is done. Waiting rooms are also available with the comfort of a home, equipped with a television set, comfortable chairs, coffee, a soft-drinks vending machine, magazines and local newspapers for clients who come in during the ‘drop-in’ times. Repairs that have been done and other problems that might need attention are then discussed with the clients, whereby these notes are brought to attention of the clients during pickup times. Besides that, parts that have been replaced are set aside for the inspection of the clients. Apart from the usual car services, cleanliness of the vehicle is also ensured before pickup.

How may advertising act as a barrier to entry? Essay

Like almost every science, the school of Industrial economics is made up of theory and empirical studies. In Industrial economics, empirical studies are industry studies conducted by a number of researchers. Joe Bain, from the Harvard school of industrial economics, first mentions barriers to entry in an industry study he conducted in the early 1950s. Bain links entry barriers to the capacity to raise price above unit (marginal) cost in the long run without inducing potential entrants to enter the industry. Demsetz of the Chicago school links the idea of entry barriers to government based restrictions on entry, which are not relevant for this essay. Bain outlines a total of three types of barriers to entry: Absolute cost advantages, Economies of scale and Product differentiation. Bain links advertising and the creation of copyrighted brand names to product differentiation. In his 1956 industry study, he found that advertising acts as a barrier to entry more in some industries than in others. For example, he found that in the Automobile and Cigarette producing industries, advertising, effectively constituting as a barrier to entry in his belief, is used to a higher extent than in the caned fruit and vegetable industry. For a definition of advertising we refer to Colley (1961). He defines advertising as â€Å"mass paid communication, the ultimate purpose of which is to impart information, develop attitudes and induce action beneficial to the advertiser†. Advertising is usually used by firms to inform and/or persuade customers to buy their products. Firms also use advertising to remind ex-consumers that their product is still on the market or to hamper the entry of new firms into the market. It is important to establish whether advertising is predatory or cooperative advertising. Predatory advertising attracts away customers from competition, whereas cooperative advertising increases demand for all firms in the market. A profit maximising firm will typically advertise as long as the expected marginal revenue from advertising equals the expected marginal cost of advertising. Advertisement levels vary between markets mainly due to differences in market structure. For a profit-maximizing monopolist, the optimal level of advertising is dependant on the ratio between advertising and price elasticities according to Dorfmann and Steiner (1954). The greater the consumers’ responsiveness to advertising and the lower their responsiveness to changes in the product price, the higher will be the optimal level of advertising relative to sales. In an oligopoly market structure, Cable (1972), argues that advertising plays a more important role than price competition. Cable argues that rival firms quickly realize changes in price, which leads them to also lower their prices as a consequence. With regards to advertisement, it is unlikely that changes in their levels are quickly realized by the competition and effects on profits are unlikely to be closely related. This is the explanation why, according to Cable, in an oligopoly market environment high advertising intensity prevails. Advertising as persuasion – view This view is advocated by the Harvard school scholars, like J. Bain (1968). The assumption is that advertisement changes peoples perception of the product. According to Bain, advertisement increases market power and prices, as well as distorting consumers’ preferences. Bain argues that by changing the consumers perception in favour of the advertised product, demand for it becomes less price sensitive, more inelastic to changes in its price. Without any immediate changes in the competitor’s advertisement levels, consumers will be less likely to change their choices, even if the competitor lowers prices. If a rival company wishes to enter the market, it has to either offer substantial price cuts or advertise more than the incumbent. Bain classifies â€Å"persuasion† advertising as a barrier to entry, since either lower prices or heavy advertisement spending will heavily reduce the entrant’s potential profits. John Sutton brought an extension to Bain’s â€Å"Advertising as persuasion†-view in 1992. Sutton sees advertising as an endogenous strategic â€Å"sunk cost† expenditure, which firms alter like they alter price and quantity. In his model, Sutton assumes that companies use advertisement to influence different levels of perceived quality just like Bain does. This leads to consumers perceived quality becoming a function of firms’ advertisement. F(u) = f + a (u), where F(u) is the total level of fixed costs and u is the perceived quality, with a (u) being an increasing function. Sutton finds in his three staged game, that even as advertising levels increase, the number of firms in the industry remains unchanged, even if the market is growing. (Church and Ware, 2000) Advertising as information-view This view is advocated by the Chicago school scholars, like Stigler (1961). He sees advertising primarily as a means of firms providing information to consumers, who lack knowledge about the products on the market. Stigler reckons that advertisement changes consumers perception about a product so that they can make the decision as to which product is best to them. Different to Bain’s theory, this information will actually make the demand for products more price elastic. Consumers have more information about the product and will make more rational decisions. This leads to companies competing and a lower profit maximising price for the incumbents. New firms can make customers aware of the features and prices of their products though informative advertising. Whichever firm, whether incumbent or entrant, offering the best value for quality in the eyes of the consumer, will expand in the long-term, benefiting from economies of scale, leading to higher levels of concentration. In the long term, therefore, effective informative advertising may also be classified as a barrier to entry. Empirical evidence Catherine Matraves studied the â€Å"Market structure, R&D and Advertising in the Pharmaceutical Industry† in 1999. She found that as markets across the world in this industry become more liberalized and open, e. g. total market size increases, advertising spending of surviving firms also increased. Matraves uses Grabowski and Vernon’s industry studies of the pharmaceutical industry in her paper, which reject Bain’s â€Å"Advertisement as persuasion-view†, but support the Stigler view â€Å"Advertisement as information†. Grabowski and Vernon found that high advertisement-sales ratios did not act as an effective barrier to entry. Geroski and Murfin (1991) observed a different relationship between advertisement and entry. The two researchers found that in the UK car industry falling concentration and increasing imports lead to an increase in advertisement intensity. They conclude their findings in saying that advertising facilitates entry to the extent that an entrant can account for a large share of total industry advertising. However, they note that it is very costly to acquire this large share of advertising. Fiona M. Scott Morton, also studied the Pharmaceutical Industry, but only looking at the U. S. (1998). Fiona looked at the entry decisions generic pharmaceutical manufacturers face when they look at markets which have been opened by patent expiration to competition. She confirms the findings of Grabowski and Vernon (1992) stating that advertising is exogenous to entry decisions. She finds some evidence that brands may affect generic entry very slightly by advertising before patent expiration, but both effects are â€Å"nearly insignificant†. Fiona concludes her paper stating that â€Å"brand advertising is not a barrier to entry by generic firms into the US pharmaceutical market†. Conclusion We have seen two models in this essay, Bain’s â€Å"Advertising as persuasion-view† and Stigler’s â€Å"Advertising as information-view†. The models outlined show how the different views shared on the purposes and effects of advertisement yield different outcomes on concentration and market entry. Persuasive advertising causing high brand loyalty forces potential new entrants to either outspend the incumbent for advertisement expenditure or to offer high price cuts. These constitute in substantial barriers to entry. Stigler’s â€Å"Advertising as information-view† sees advertisement as a barrier to entry mainly in the long term, as companies selling products at the best price for the best quality to well-informed consumers, expand and benefit from economies of scale. However, empirical research shows that in the majority of industries, advertising does not constitute in a barrier to entry. Bibliography: Joe Bain: â€Å"Relation of Profit Rate to Industry Concentration: American manufacturing, 1936-40†³, 1951, Quarterly Journal of Economics; Barriers to New Competition†, 1956, Harvard University Press; Industrial Organization, 1968 Grabowski, H. G. and J. M. Vernon, â€Å"Brand loyalty, Entry, and Price Competition in Pharmaceuticals after the 1984 Drug Act†, Journal of Law and Economics, vol35, Pages 331-345 Catherine Matraves: â€Å"Market structure, R&D, and Advertising in the Pharmaceutical Industry, The Journal of Industrial Economics, Pages 175-177

Embodiment Of Self Conflict Between Extremes English Literature Essay Essay Example

Embodiment Of Self Conflict Between Extremes English Literature Essay Essay Example Embodiment Of Self Conflict Between Extremes English Literature Essay Essay Embodiment Of Self Conflict Between Extremes English Literature Essay Essay makes her joke even funnier. The complexness of Wetty s merriment here is heightened by our acknowledging Grandma Ponder s function. When Edna Earle says that her grandparents were equally matched ( PH 44 ) , the metaphor that is every bit applicable to value battles and to monetary values of tartan or squads of animate beings conveys both the struggle and the dynamic harmoniousness of their relationship, a harmoniousness that comes from the tenseness between antonyms, non from the conquering of one antonym by the other. Grandma s forte was coconut bar ( Sweets made for sharing ) , non lightning rods, which she neer could stand ( PH 118 ) . While about every bit smart as Grandpa, Grandma loved people ( being in the midst of things ) every bit good ( PH 67 ) . She was, so, Edna Earle s predecessor as a uniter of extremes. And her topographic point was the Beulah hotel. The name Beulah absolutely evokes the thought of harmoniously linked antonyms, connoting as it does the brotherhood of the earthly and the celestial. In spirituals Beulah land was another word for Eden ; in Pilgrim s Advancement it was the heavenly ante-chamber, but in the Old Testament it was merely a name for the earthly Israel or Jerusalem, literally intending married ( to God ) . The Beulah Hotel is the symbol of the matrimony of antonyms, seen foremost in Grandma and so in Edna Earle, the Beulah s present proprietor: non the beatific flawlessness of Uncle Daniel or the dark, even comically diabolic misanthropy of Grandpa but, but the best that worlds can trust for. This cosmic, secular Eden sits right in the bosom of clay ( PH 13 ) the perfect name for the state and for the Beulah s place at the symbolic bosom of clay-made world. It is one of Wetty s many points of intersection between the higher and lower kingdoms, threatened invariably by both, unfastened ever to energy from either. In the Beulah Hotel, life goes on all sides ( PH 66 ) . Grandpa, nevertheless, preferable life to come at him from one side merely. Plato, the Stoics, Descartes, even Freud might hold commended Grandpa as one in whom Reason ruled as the imperial governor. Jung would probably hold judged that he suffered from dictatorship of the left hemisphere. Wetty signals her understanding with the latter opinion by doing Grandpa comedian in his stiff attachment to one portion of the truth as if it were the whole. He is amusing, non evil, of class, loving his boy plenty to convey him to town each Saturday in malice of his ain hate of society, praying over Daniel for old ages before perpetrating him to Jackson. He merely is wholly baffled by Daniel, because each lives at a different pole of the human universe. A muser worthy of his household name, Grandpa s concern is the kingdom of ground ( PH 14 ) . His attack to people is as mathematical ( he wants them to mensurate up ( PH 8 ) ) as his pick of interests ( dominoes, that game of add-on ) . While Edna Earle delectations in Uncle Daniel s exuberant narratives of life in the refuge, declaring, It did nt count if you did nt cognize the people ( PH 16 ) , Grandpa s response is that of the rational newsman hungry merely for facts: Who? -What, Daniel? -When? ( PH 17 ) . Even in affairs of the bosom, Grandpa is all head. An anti-Eros, he sounds a batch like a amusing version of Miss Sabina of Wetty s Asphodel : Grandpa would be a batch more willing to stalk up on a nuptials and halt it, than to promote one to travel on, yours, mine, or the Queen of Sheba s ( PH 26 ) . When he decides that Uncle Daniel should get married, it is non a grant to love or to passion, but presumptively to smother his boy s feelings and command his developing involvement in the other sex, demonstrated in Daniel s attractive force to the misss in the Escapade side-show, with their come-on dance ( PH 23 ) . Then merely after debating does Grandpa come to ( the ) decision that he will hold to fork up a good married woman ( PH 24 ) . ( That the married woman turns out to be Teacake Magee completes the nice gastronomic objectification ) . However, even that strategy does nt win in commanding Daniel-and, like the Freudian Superego, Grandpa is obsessed with the demand for control, particularly control of forces that slap of the undisciplined Id. Underscoring the appendage of Grandpa s response, Edna Earle says that he goes excessively far with subject ( PH 36 ) . Using the linguistic communication of the sensible school maestro, Sam Ponder puts his boy in the insane asylum- to learn ( him ) a lesson ( PH 14 ) . Grandpa s impermanent parturiency, because of misguided individuality, in the same refuge ( reserved for those non able to work in society ) implies the failing of both Grandpa s and Uncle Daniel s relation tot he universe. On the twenty-four hours Grandpa is led off into the refuge, go forthing ground temporarily in suspension, Uncle Daniel marries Bonnie Dee Peacock. Learning of the matrimony, Grandpa dies non because of the Ponder bosom ( as Edna Earle originally thinks ) , but, harmonizing to the physician, because of a popped blood vas ( a shot ) ; that is, a failure in his caput. However, both Edna Earle s and Dr. Ewbanks diagnosings were metaphorically right. All Grandpa s rational systems had eventually broken down in the face of Daniel s wholly irrational matrimony to the small clerk he had met at Woolworth s that day-and his bosom had been excessively weak to get by when his head had failed. Edna Earle says it is the Ponder caput that is distinctive- big of class ( PH 11 ) . But she exclaims every bit over the Ponder bosom ( PH 24 ) . The conflict of the extremes is, of class, at work ( for drama ) in these anatomical mentions. While Uncle Daniel s hatsize is tremendous, his mind is pea-sized ; but his bosom is overworked ( rushing ) Dr. Ewbanks says, as he warns Daniel to utilize more opinion around here ( PH 61 ) . In both Grandpa and Uncle Daniel, the Ponder Heart of the rubric is in an unhealthy status, Grandpa s weak from neglect ; Daniel s, from overexploitation. Either utmost, Wetty seems to warn with a smiling, is likely to make one in. The appendage of Daniel s good-heartedness is indicated by his beatific nature. The owner of ageless springs ( PH 8 ) , he is willing to give away everything he owns. However, merely as an angel would be among the readers, he is incapacitated for life on this in-between plane. He must, literally, he housed, fed, barbered, and transported by others. And, like an angel, he has no Gaffic with the stabs of mortality: he hates sickness and decease . He ca nt stay funerals ( PH 41 ) . Having no consciousness of decease, his experience of life is circumscribed. He is excessively pure, excessively unselfconscious, excessively immature -that is, excessively ungrown. He sufferes excessively small. His bosom of gold truly does non learn ordinary worlds really much. This is no Dionysus. That God s colourss were the green and purple of the vine, which does slice and dice, non the saintly and skittish emptiness of Uncle Daniel s white. Indeed, outside of comedy, Daniel would dismay. He has no capacity to move, even in order to acquire back the span whose loss he mourns every eventide in narratives. What he does make, Uncle Daniel seems non to be responsible for. Striking one as non a human force, but as a helter-skelter, supernatural urge, he is every bit unmanageable by others-Grandpa, DeYancey, or the Judge weeping, Order! at his test. Curiously plenty for one who generates such pandemonium, Uncle Daniel has a childlike demand for order-another challenge to the position that Uncle Daniel is the Dionysian advocator of self-generated life against Edna Earle s compulsion with stasis. In its assorted stages, his life follows stiff forms: the hebdomadal trip to town in the old yearss ; so during Bonnie Dee s absence, the rite of the same repast, the same plaint, the same haunted narrative, dark after dark. Like a kid, he expects stability in people every bit good. Both Bonnie Dee s decease and Edna Earle s self-sacrificial prevarication on the informant base ( to salvage him ) he sees as personal treacheries, misdemeanors of the delicate stableness of his being. Uncle Daniel makes the readers uncomfortable, excessively, because he is non in touch with mundane world. The Tom Thumb Wedding of his childhood is every bit existent to him as his matrimonies to Teacake Magee and Bonnie Dee. In fact, his equation of the phantasy nuptials with the existent matrimonies gives one a hint to what makes one most uneasy about him. Since he likes everyone and values every event in his life-equally ( he has a singular fondness for everybody and everything in creative activity , Edna Earle says ( PH 27 ) -he can experience nil with any particular strength. Edna Earle exclaims: He loved being happy! He loved felicity like I love tea ( PH 14 ) . Indeed. Actually, Uncle Daniel, the adult male who is thought to be so full of feeling, trivializes experiencing. Daniel likes Elsie Fleming reasonably much the same as he does Bonnie Dee, and he liked Miss. Teacake, too-he merely could non stay the sound of her bobbin heels on the floor. This sort of emotional equalitarianism might at first seem saintly. However, from the human point of position it is grounds of a individual doomed to lose non merely love s strength, but any existent experience of ego or of other. He can non truly love, because Bonnie Dee is neer a existent individual in his eyes, a being separate from himself. As grounds of how extremes have a manner of meeting in Wetty s universe ( in this instance, by demoing their indispensable similarity ) , Daniel objectifies Bonnie Dee much as Grandpa did Teacake when he decided to fork her over . When Bonnie Dee returns, Daniel crows ; oh, my bride has come back to me. Pretty as a image Edna Earle got her dorsum for me, you all, and Judge Tip Clanahan sewed it up. It s a tribunal order, everybody . She s perched out at that place on the couch boulder clay I get place tonight. I ll embrace her and snog her and I ll give her 25 dollars in her small manus ( PH 62-63 ) . To Uncle Daniel she is ever reasonably as a doll -or a picture-and that is how he treats her. He wants her at place, while he goes off to the Beulah Hotel, looking for an audience for his narratives about her. Merely the individual possessed of a ego can acknowledge the independent selfhood of others. Wetty herself made a similar point in a treatment of the relationship between single and household in Losing Battles. In an interview with Charles T. Bunting, Wetty declared: you ca nt truly conceive of the whole unless you are an individuality. Unless you are really existent in yourself, you do nt cognize what it means to back up others or to fall in with them or to assist them ( 49 ) . Daniel can see others as lone portion of his ain uniform being. He treats Edna Earle every bit liberally as everyone else, giving her the hotel merely as he gave Mr. Springer s brother-in-law s sister a major operation, but in his strategy of things, she exists chiefly for his comfort and protection. He has no sense of what she suffers for him. As Edna Earle says, it would neer happen to him that she has a narrative to state excessively. A farther paradox of Daniel s altruism is that, since he has no independent sense of ego, he can acquire a feeling of selfhood merely from others. From this position, he is perfectly other-directed. When, for illustration, Bonnie Dee s sister, Johnnie Ree, refuses Uncle Daniel s invitation to travel equitation, he merely stood still in the bright Sun, like the bar of ice that was runing at that place that twenty-four hours ( PH 152 ) . When he can non do people happy-by giving off a auto drive, or his love, or a incubator and brooder, or his stories-and see himself in people s joyous reaction to him, he, in consequence, ceases to be. No uncertainty, this demand accounts for his obsessional giveaway at the terminal of the novel: unable to state his narrative, he begins urgently to disperse his money around, trusting to recover the joy and the selfhood that come when he is created afresh in the thankful eyes of the receivers. One of the great sarcasms of The Ponder Heart is the black consequence on the rare juncture when Uncle Daniel assumes the function of grownup. Always mortally afraid of lighting-in fact, this experience of fright is one of his few mortal qualities-Uncle Daniel overcomes his ain fright in order to play creep mousie , trusting to do Bonnie Dee halt weeping in her panic. For one time he is the grownup, titillating the kid. Why should decease be the effect of Daniel s individual grown-up act? possibly it is a reminder of the grownup s inevitable engagement in mortality. Possibly it suggests the ineluctable clutter of cause and consequence, purpose and duty that the mature individual confronts. Possibly, nevertheless, all one can really reason about this episode is best summarized by Edna Earle: May be what s difficult to believe about the truth is who it happens to ( PH 143 ) . It does non look just that this should go on to Uncle Daniel, but there it is. For whatever ground, when Uncle Daniel responds to his married woman s hurt and reaches out from the safety of ain angelic or infantile sanctuary, his program misfires in the worst possible manner. Bonnie Dee dies, and Uncle Daniel retreats one time more into his unmindful ego, neer once more, the readers surmise, to take a opportunity at human hazard and human growing. At Bonnie Dee s funeral one hears his return to the old chorus as he tells Mrs. Peacock that her girl is reasonably as a doll . The fact of Bonnie Dee s decease seems lost on him. Of class, in the rolicking comedy of The Ponder Heart 1 does non blow many cryings on Bonnie Dee, either. One ground Welty can acquire off with killing Bonnie Dee off is that she has neer struck one as being peculiarly alive anyhow. In fact, she is merely about the perfect married woman for Daniel ( after all, she stays married to him for something like seven old ages ) . Like Daniel, she is non to the full human, but for different grounds. In this survey of extremes, Bonnie Dee serves as a male monarch of negative synthesis, missing the dominant qualities of both Grandpa and Uncle Daniel. Certainly none of Grandpa s ground is hers. Bonnie Dee knows how to do alteration and cut hair, but otherwise she does non hold adequate sense to acquire alarmed about. On the other manus ( this sounds like the old gag: she may be stupid, but she certainly is homely ) , she possesses none of Uncle Daniel s afloat feelings for others. On the twenty-four hours of their nuptials, merely a payoff makes her listen to his petition that she acquire out of the auto so he can demo her off. Her decease from bosom failure neatly balances Grandpa s aneurysm. Gladney may good inquire, What makes the bosom fail ? ( PH 108 ) , but one has had intimations of the reply all along-and non merely in her shortness of breath. Wheareas Uncle Daniel gives off, she accumulates a lavation machine, apparels, a telephone that neer rings. things began to pour into that house , Edna Earle says ( PH 67 ) , equilibrating the novel s 2nd paragraph with its run of things [ Uncle Daniel has ] given away ( PH 8 ) . Merely as Uncle Daniel s giving is a mark of his altruism, Bonnie Dee s accretion reveals a similar absence of independent human selfhood. Like Uncle Daniel, excessively, she does nt cognize how to contend ( PH 49 ) , a accomplishment most worlds get early as grounds of a defined sense of ego and of other. Like him, she neer grows, so she neer ages. At her decease she still looks 17, merely as on the twenty-four hours of her matrimony. However, while Uncle Daniel seems cold because he is angelically above the readers, in the overdone imagination of comedy, strikes one as belonging to the kingdom below one. Criticism about ever seems bumbling when it deals with comedy-which should do one aware of its difference from the act it describes. It is of import to remember in analyzing the novel what one can non lose in reading it: that Bonnie Dee is non evil any longer than Grandpa is. She merely neer develops past the phase of a kid playing knuckleboness or dress-up with Narciss. ( Her relationship with the symbolically named Narciss tells us that her self-involvement is every bit complete as Daniel s. Narcsis traveling in the back door of the Beulah while Bonnie Dee and Uncle Daniel go in the forepart completes this spot of double mirrored egotistic imagination ) . Edna Earle makes clear that Bonnie Dee had possible that was non developed when she exclaims about the dead Bonnie Dee: When you saw her at that place, it l ooked like she could hold loved person! ( PH 77 ) . Bonnie Dee s seting in a telephone that neer rings implies an inchoate desire for connexion with others. However, in the amusing imagination of the novel, she remains less than homo. A aggregator of things , she is herself repeatedly described as a small thing, or even less than a thing a pretty screen for void ( her downy xanthous hair reminds Edna Earle of by , holding non a grain beneath ( PH 34 ) . Other images reiterate here deficiency of human qualities: she is a doll and a image ; she has coon eyes. When Dr. Ewbanks pushes back that xanthous fluff, he asks, You do nt intend she s flew the henhouse? , transforming the dead Bonnie Dee Inachis io into the bird that her last name suggests. Like a cat, she yawns all the clip, neer smiling because she did nt cognize how ( PH 42 ) . If the human being is defined as the smiling animate being, Bonnie Dee does nt do the cut-off. When she dies express joying, Edna Earle realizes that her laughter was merely a physiological response, non the consequence of human connection and communicating that a smile represents: I could hold shaken her for it. She d neer laughed for Uncle Daniel before in her life. And even if she had, that s non the same thing as smile ; you may believe it is, but I do nt ( PH 141 ) . That Bonnie Dee dies laughing is, of class, the cardinal gag of the book. To analyse any gag is hazardous concern, but in footings of the subject of the integrity of extremes this episode is worth a closer expression. The inquiry of why titillating green goodss laughter has long stumped scientists and pupils of wit likewise. Arthur Koestler s remarks on babes responses to titillating seem germane to Bonnie Dee s response: [ A kid ] will express joy only-and this is the Southern Cross of the matter-when it perceives titillating as a mock onslaught, a carress in mildly aggressive camouflage. The regulation of the game [ with babes ] is: Let me be merely a small scared so that I can bask the alleviation . Therefore the tickler is portraying an attacker, but at the same time known non to be one ; this is likely the first state of affairs in life which makes the infant live on two planes at one time .. ( 125-26 ) . Possibly it is besides the kid s foretaste of the Janus-faced comedy and horror of life itself. To set it to a great extent, Bonnie Dee shrilling from Uncle Daniel s tickle every bit much as from the thunder-is unable to equilibrate on two planes at one time. She can non see that love can come in the signifier of its evident antonym, aggression. She is incapable of the dual vision that Wetty sees as the footing of a risking, mistaking, turning human life. It is this vision that Edna Earle has-Edna Earle, who is Bonnie Dee s mirror on the side of positive synthesis. Wetty underscores the mirror relationship between Edna Earle and Bonnie Dee when, on Bonnie Dee s decease, Edna Earle runs into the bathroom to acquire ammonium hydroxide for Uncle Daniel: In the bathroom I glanced inthe mirror, to see how I was taking it, and got the fear of my life. Edna Earle, I said, you look every bit old as the hills! It was a different mirror, was the secret-it exaggerated my face by a 1000 times-something Bonnie Dee had sent off for and it had come ( PH 142 ) . Mirrors in art and literature often reveal the ego that a individual, Medusa-like, resists facing. Throughout her narrative, Edna Earle has coyly been stamp downing recognition of her age. For illustration, while she is merely somewhat younger than Uncle Daniel who is up in his 1950ss now ( PH 11 ) she speaks of the verse form she is salvaging to demo her grandchildren and bristles when De Yancey calls her Maam ( PH 59, 110 ) . Sing herself every bit old as the hills is a barbarous hit with world. For the readers, nevertheless, it is grounds of her humanity she does non stand outside of clip as do Bonnie Dee and Uncle Daniel, whose unetched visages tell one that life has barely touched them. Because she genuinely lives-making errors, experiencing choler and defeat, cognizing unrealized love, holding to happen replacements for the love affair she craves her visual aspect shows it. She has earned her face. She has no ageless springs like the 1s. She attributes to Uncle Daniel, but her declaration that she looks every bit old as the hills implies her rugged, earthly strength. The spring she does hold is a really human 1: Mr. Ovid Springer if merely somewhat true to his name, still the frail beginning of her hope for love affair and for a metabolism from the modus operandi of her present life. One feels that deep-down Edna Earle knows that here ground has been dulled by the drug salesman who has courted her all these old ages, but she chooses to hang on anyhow to there dream t hat someday he will suggest. After a manner, she is her ain spring of hope, giving another punning significance to the pool in her name. In Edna Earle, the dominant traits of Grandpa and Uncle Daniel meet, in a really fault-filled, but human manner. She is every bit smart as Grandpa ( when she passed Uncle Daniel in the 7th class, people said she ought to be the instructor ) and at times as scientific in her attack to life, ( she echoes Archimedes Eureka! when she decides that Teacake is the 1 to be forked over to Uncle Daniel ; she Keep [ s ] check on Bonnie Dee s allowance ( PH 25, 134 ) she neatly categorizes people, from the state Dorris Gladney to the nice household which included a liquidator ( PH 80 ) ) . But, in her, Grandpa s capacity for action and Uncle Daniel s for feeling combine. She can account for the hotel with Grandpa s mathematical truth ( twelve sleeping rooms, two bathrooms, two stairwaies, five porches, anteroom, dining room, larder and kitchen . And two Blacks . And that works ) and still be out here looking reasonably , ready to travel siting with Mr. Springer, should he come ruptu ring through town ( PH 10 ) . One of the most of import features of Edna Earle s speculation between the extremes represented by Grandpa and Uncle Daniel is the dynamic quality of that mediation. Edna Earle does non stand for a inactive synthesis: a small spot of ground, a small spot of feeling. The brotherhood of antonyms one finds here is like the energy-generating brotherhood of the positive and negative poles of a magnet or battery-balanced as she is between extremes, Edna Earle has created a life non of peace, but of verve. Although she is really making nil but speaking during the narrative of the novel, one pictures her in action-sailing dorsum and Forth between two places, running rummage gross revenues for African missionaries, feeding the crowds from tribunal and high-way. While Uncle Daniel and Grandpa respond to human multiplicity by disregarding it, giving all their commitment to one portion of human nature, Edna Earle does non seek to extinguish either side of her ego. She arrives alternatively at a mutual harmoniousness between the superior intelligence that characterizes Grandpa and the unrestrained feelings of Uncle Daniel. The thought and experiencing one, she is the existent owner of the pondering and heavy bosom of the rubric. Merely as she has managed to salve strengths from both extremes, she has suffered from both sides, excessively. She asks no 1 to shout for her, as Uncle Daniel does, and she wastes small commiseration on herself. Grandpa and Uncle Daniel both in their ain ways have been the enemies of love affair in Edna Earle s life, but she has managed to carry through her responsibilities while hanging on to the dream at least of love of measure [ ping ] off with, say, Mr. Springer and pacifying Grandpa by calling the first kid Ponder Springer ( PH 26 ) . Our laughter is assorted with a sort of esteem for Edna Earle when she says, The twenty-four hours I do nt rate a pinch of some sort from a Clanahan, I ll cognize I m past redemption-an old amah ( PH 84 ) . One knows that is exactly what she is, but her ain of all time hopeful attitude will non let one to categorise her this manner. Besides, no simple class like old amah can incorporate all the humanity that Edna Earle is. If love fails her ( and she does surmise that true love is merely a palace in the sky ( PH 50 ) ) , she has the flexibleness to see company as a substitute-or may be she will direct her energies toward a chinchilla farm: Do nt believe about it, Edna Earle, I say. So I merely cut out a small ad about a brochure that you send off for, and put it away in a drawer I forget where ( PH 44 ) . One of the most convincing steps of the high quality of Edna Earle s bosom is her capacity to endure, non merely for ego, but for others excessively. What makes that enduring every bit near to gallantry as the readers are likely to happen in comedy is that it comes from Acts of the Apostless of will, from consciously accepted duty and from rational consciousness of effects. for all his selflessness, Uncle Daniel seems mostly unconscious of the significance of his Acts of the Apostless. Since he places no value on ownerships, his gifts cost him nil. However, because Edna Earle is cognizant of the serious effects of her determination, her willingness to allow Daniel give away all the money that she one twenty-four hours would hold inherited must hold seen as an act of loving bravery. Her prevarication for Daniel at the test is of the same heart. She says: I neer lied in my life before, that, I know of, by either stating or keeping back, but I flatter myself that when the clip came, I was equal to either 1 ( PH 143 ) . She is equal to life s challenges from whichever one-fourth. And she allows herself to be vulnerable to both extremes: her prevarication exposes her non merely to the punishments of bearing false witness from the jurisprudence s rational side, but besides to the possibility of rejection by the feeling Uncle Daniel, who looked at me like he neer saw me before in his life ( PH 120 ) . What greater step of selflessness can at that place be than this: taking the opportunity that in salvaging a loved one you may lose that love? And Edna Earle is equal even to this. In a novel with lightning at the centre, Edna Earle, for all her oversights in perceptual experience, is the enlightened 1. Because Grandpa refused to put in electricity, she learned to read in the dark ( at Uncle Daniel s topographic point she reads for the 1000th clip the imagistically disposed The House of a Thousand Candles ( 54-56 ) ) . Her perennial ticket line Lo and behold , predating her descriptions of assorted unexpected events throws the elucidation that sporadically illuminates her life into contrast with Uncle Daniel s imperceptive lampoon and imagistic inversion of the phrase: Low-in-the-hole . Her penetrations are far-ranging. In her adulthood, she recognizes that Grandpa s outlook of rectifying the infantile Uncle Daniel by consigning him to an refuge is itself child-foolishness ( PH 15, 37 ) . She, non Uncle Daniel, is really the title-holder of a life to the full and freely lived. Whereas Grandpa is suffering without control-of Uncle Daniel or of the heavens-and Uncle Daniel needs the protection of a stiff modus operandi, Edna Earle has learned the self-contradictory power that comes from allowing spell. The Miss Ouida Simpson works that she one time toted yearly to the County Fair competition she now merely leaves entirely ; it still blooms now and so, she says ( PH 10 ) . She has come to a similar attitude towards people: I do nt even seek, myself, to do people happy the manner they should be: they re so obstinate. I merely seek to give them what they think they want. Ask me to make you the most bizarre favor tomorrow and I ll make it. Just do nt come running to me afterwards and inquire how come ( PH 57 ) . When she violates this principle-as, of class, she is bound to as a mutable human-the consequence can be black. Even though Uncle Daniel seems satisfied with his life at the Beulah after Bonnie Dee throws him out, Edna Earle gives into a annoying scruples that says Uncle Daniel is non happy in the right manner. Convincing Daniel to keep back his married woman s allowance, she starts the concatenation of events taking to Bonnie Dee s decease. Unlike Uncle Daniel, nevertheless, when Edna Earle becomes tangled in the unmanageable effects of human Acts of the Apostless, she does non withdraw from battle in life. Possibly the most convincing mark of her enlightenment is her ain impression of her place in relation to the poles of this universe. For illustration, Edna Earle has some penetration into her place between Uncle Daniel and Grandpa. She says: I ve got to acquire out at that place and stand up for both of them ( PH 40 ) . Later, depicting the test, she tells us: When person spoke to Uncle Daniel, I tried to reply for him excessively, if I could. I m the mediator, that s what I am, between my household and the universe ( PH 120 ) . She is besides the life-filled in-between term between the white-clad, beatific Uncle Daniel and the decease figure Gladney with his black coat, buzzard-like visual aspect, and his old bony finger ( PH 134 ) . That Edna Earle is besides secluded to the truth of the happenstance of evident antonyms is seen in her recognition that love itself may look and sound like its really opposite. See her account of Uncle Daniel s message to Bonnie Dee on the twenty-four hours of her decease ( I m traveling to kill you dead, Miss Bonnie Dee, if y do nt take m back ( PH 91 ) ) . Harmonizing to Edna Earle, the words mean nil except love, of class. It s all in a manner of speech production . seting it into words. With some people, it s small menaces. With others, it s apt to be poems ( PH 117 ) . She does non necessitate a big-city linguist to state her that words mean nil separate from context, that the maps are non the district. Edna Earle has besides learned the Concordia discors of fondness and verbal force from her predecessor in harmonising antonyms, Grandma Ponder the gentlest adult female on the face of the Earth , who however peppered her absolutely normal family with menaces of mayhem and slaying ( PH 110-111 ) . In her ain life, Edna Earle demonstrates the truth of her penetration into love s dual nature, in her response to Bonnie Dee. Like all polar combinations, this excessively seems to withstand ground. Throughout her narrative, Edna Earle has directed nil but depreciation toward Bonnie Dee. Yet it is humanly converting when at the terminal of her narrative, she reveals her fancy for her niece-in-law: And you know, Bonnie Dee Peacock, ordinary as she was and test as she was to set up with-she s the sort of individual you do lose. In do nt cognize why-deliver me from giving you the ground ( PH156 ) . Merely when 1 is delivered from ground, do her feelings make sense. For Mr. Springer she can experience the same tenseness between animadversion and fondness. The undermentioned transition, in fact, begins with a response of the head and ends with the bosom: Oh, I did good non to do up my head excessively hurriedly about Ovid Springer. I congratulate myself still on that, every dark of the universe. Mr. Springer would non hold hesitated to melanize Uncle Daniel s name before the universe by driving 65 stat mis through the hot Sun and passing him over a motivation on a Ag platter. Tired going adult male if you like-but when it came to a slaying test, he d come running to be in on it . Of class, he neer had anybody to look after him. ( PH 122 ) . One of the clearest Markss of the functional high quality of Edna Earle s adjustment of the dual poles of her human nature lies in her function as story-teller. Daniel, excessively, is a Teller of narratives, conveying joy to his hearers at the Beulah when he entertained them with the amusing histories about his refuge stay and making a sort of community ritual with his affecting narrative of Bonnie Dee s running off. However, Daniel s job as a originative spirit is his deficiency of self-denial. In story-telling, he feels more intensely than at any other clip. Edna Earle says: I do nt believe he could convey himself to believe the narrative boulder clay he d heard himself state it once more ( PH 51 ) . Fiction-that is, his lived world transmuted by his gift of exaggeration-is more existent than fact for the adult male who has so few ground tackles in daily world. And he experiences his narrative, non as a poet-creator, but as if he were live overing it: it was steadily interrup ting his bosom ( PH 51 ) . Unable to step back from his narrative to accomplish some kind of objectiveness, he can non finish his act of creative activity: as his narrative of suffering approaches the portion about Bonnie Dee s farewell note, he broke down at the pole of feeling, Daniel can non truly stand for the creative person. As emotion without signifier or subject, he is pure poetic potency. Edna Earle is the existent story-teller here, the theoretical account of the originative ego. Capable of experiencing deeply, involved in her narrative, she can yet step back plenty to state the narrative. Daniel can non finish. Surely, her control is non perfect: she creates better and other than she knows. But the book itself, the record of her long narrative, is the artifact certifying her ability to transform enduring into art. Far from being the butt of the comedy in The Ponder Heart, Edna Earle is Welty s amusing presentation of the whole human ego. Speaking of Uncle Daniel s story-telling, Edna Earle exclaims: Well, if holding-forth is the best manner you can maintain alive, so do it if you re non outrageously smart to get down with and do nt hold things to make ( accent added ; PH 70 ) . Feeling ( and making a narrative from those feelings ) , believing, moving. Edna Earle does them all. And her dynamic, switching, experimental combination of the qualities- with no inactive hierarchal ordering-is humanly superior to the stiff control of any one of the extremes. In Welty s universe the flexible bosom of clay will crush the bosom of gold every clip.